Low Temperature Shear Modulus Changes in Solid 4-He and Connection to Supersolidity

Abstract

Superfluidity, liquid flow without friction, is familiar in helium. The first evidence for "supersolidity", its analogue in quantum solids, came from recent torsional oscillator (TO) measurements involving 4-He. At temperatures below 200 mK, TO frequencies increased, suggesting that some of the solid decoupled from the oscillator. This behavior has been replicated by several groups but solid 4-He does not respond to pressure differences and persistent currents and other signatures of superflow have not been seen. Both experiments and theory indicate that defects are involved. These should also affect the solid's mechanical behavior and so we have measured the shear modulus of solid 4-He at low frequencies and strains. We observe large increases below 200 mK, with the same dependence on measurement amplitude, 3-He impurity concentration and annealing as the decoupling seen in TO experiments. This unusual elastic behavior is explained in terms of a dislocation network which is pinned by 3-He at the lowest temperatures but becomes mobile above 100 mK. The frequency changes in TO experiments appear to be related to the motion of these dislocations, perhaps by disrupting a possible supersolid state.

18 pages, 4 figues, Supplementary Information

References in corpus (16)

• Luttinger Liquid in the Core of Screw Dislocation in Helium-4
• Superglass Phase of Helium-four
• Disorder and the Supersolid State of Solid ${}^4$He
• On the Supersolid State of Matter
• Oscillation Frequency Dependence of Non-Classical Rotation Inertia of Solid ${}^4$He
• Superfluidity of Grain Boundaries in Solid Helium-4
• Ring exchanges and the supersolid phase of 4He
• Pressure-driven flow of solid helium
• Observation of non-classical rotational inertia in bulk solid 4He
• Two New Vortex Liquids
• Annealing Effect for Supersolid Fraction in ${}^4$He
• Nonclassical Rotational Inertia in Single Crystal Helium
• On the origin of the decrease in the torsional oscillator period of solid He4
• Squeezing superfluid from a stone: Coupling superfluidity and elasticity in a supersolid
• Quenched Dislocation Enhanced Supersolid Ordering
• Dissipation peak as an indicator of sample inhomogeneity in solid ${}^4$He oscillator experiments

Cited by in corpus (127)

• Supersolids: what and where are they ?
• Absence of supersolidity in solid helium in porous Vycor glass
• Simulation and understanding of quantum crystals
• Observation of Unusual Mass Transport in Solid hcp 4He
• Defect-induced supersolidity with soft-core bosons
• Evidence for a Superglass State in Solid 4He
• Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from non-classical rotational inertia
• The giant plasticity of a quantum crystal
• A non-superfluid origin of the non-classical rotational inertia in a bulk sample of solid 4He
• Supersolid with nontrivial topological spin textures in spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases
• Intrinsic and dislocation induced elastic behavior of solid helium
• The effect of 3He impurities on the nonclassical response to oscillation of solid 4He
• Driven-Dissipative Supersolid in a Ring Cavity
• Observation of Mass Transport through Solid 4He
• Probing the Upper Limit of Nonclassical Rotational Inertia
• Thermal History of Solid 4He Under Oscillation
• Solid 4He and the Supersolid Phase: from Theoretical Speculation to the Discovery of a New State of Matter? A Review of the Past and Present Status of Research
• Vortex Fluid State below an Onset Temperature T_0 of Solid 4He
• Supersolid phases of cold atom assemblies
• Mass flux characteristics in solid 4He for T> 100 mK: Evidence for Bosonic Luttinger Liquid behavior
• Mass flux and solid growth in solid 4He: 60 mK - 700 mK
• Non-linear Elastic Response in Solid Helium: critical velocity or strain
• Searching for Supersolidity in Ultracold Atomic Bose Condensates with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Interplay of Rotational, Relaxational, and Shear Dynamics in Solid 4He
• Viscoelastic Behavior of Solid ${}^4$He
• Prediction of a supersolid phase in high-pressure deuterium
• Critical dislocation speed in helium-4 crystals
• Upper limit of supersoldity in solid helium
• Dynamical creation of a supersolid in asymmetric mixtures of bosons
• Binding of a 3He impurity to a screw dislocation in solid 4He
• Spatially Modulated Superfluid State in Two-Dimensional ${}^4$He Films
• Torsional oscillator and synchrotron x-ray experiments on solid 4He in aerogel
• New Dissipation Relaxation Phenomenon in Oscillating Solid He-4
• ${}^4$He Crystal Quality and Rotational Response in a Transparent Torsional Oscillator
• Interpreting Torsional Oscillator Measurements: Effect of Shear Modulus and Supersolidity
• Evidence for a High-Temperature Disorder-Induced Mobility in Solid ${}^4$He
• Mass flow through solid 4He induced by the fountain effect
• Dislocation Mobility in a Quantum Crystal: the Case of Solid 4He
• Two-level systems and mass deficit in quantum solids
• Dissipative superfluid mass flux through solid 4He
• Growth of solid hcp \^4He off the melting curve
• Supersolid behavior in confined geometry
• A glassy contribution to the heat capacity of hcp ${}^4$He solids
• Magnon Supersolid and Anomalous Hysteresis in Spin Dimers on a Triangular Lattice
• A glass anomaly in the shear modulus of solid ${}^4$He
• Holographic Supersolids
• The elastic constants of solid 4He under pressure: a diffusion Monte Carlo study
• The Anomalous Behavior of Solid ${}^4$He in Porous Vycor Glass
• Spin rotons and supersolids in binary antidipolar condensates
• Simulating Spin Dynamics of Supersolid States in a Quantum Ising Magnet
• Quantum dislocations: the fate of multiple vacancies in two dimensional solid 4He
• Glide and Superclimb of Dislocations in Solid ${}^4$He
• Optical lattices as a tool to study defect-induced superfluidity
• Dislocation induced anomalous softening of solid helium
• Multiple Mode Torsional Oscillator Studies and Evidence for Supersolidity in Bulk 4He
• Effects of ${}^3$He Impurity on Solid ${}^4$He Studied by Compound Torsional Oscillator
• Worm quantum Monte-Carlo study of phase diagram of extended Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model
• Zero-point Divacancy Concentration in the Shadow Wave-Function Model for Solid 4He
• Theory of Supersolidity
• Exciton solid in bilayer two dimensional electron-hole systems
• Metastable supersolid in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
• Elastic constants of hcp ${}^4$He: Path-integral Monte Carlo results versus experiment
• Non-Classical Response from Quench-Cooled Solid Helium Confined in Porous Gold
• Torsional oscillators and the entropy dilemma of putative supersolid He-4
• The low temperature elastic anomalies in solid helium
• Josephson effects in one-dimensional supersolids
• Ultrasound study of the solid-liquid transition and solid-liquid interface of ${}^4$He in aerogels
• Finite size Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at grain boundaries in solid ${}^4$He and role of ${}^3$He impurities
• The Plastic Flow of Solid 4He through a Porous Membrane
• NMR Investigation of the Low Temperature Dynamics of solid 4He doped with 3He impurities
• Sound velocities of hexagonal close-packed H2 and He under pressure
• Frequency-dependent Study of Solid Helium-4 Contained in a Rigid Double-torus Torsional Oscillator
• Plastic response by dislocation glide in solid helium under dc strain rate loading
• Supersolid Gap Soliton in a Bose-Einstein Condensate and Optical Ring Cavity coupling system
• Excitations of amorphous solid helium
• NMR study of supersolid phases in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2
• Dislocation-induced superfluidity in a model supersolid
• A microscopic description of vacancies in solid 4He
• A search for disordered (glassy) phase in solid 3He deformed in situ
• Shear modulus in viscoelastic solid ${}^4$He
• Plasticity induced superclimb in solid Helium-4: Direct and inverse effects
• Tunnelling defect nanoclusters in hcp 4He crystals: alternative to supersolidity
• NMR Study of Disordered Inclusions in the Quenched Solid Helium
• Quantum plasticity and dislocation-induced supersolidity
• Supersolid induced by dislocations with superfluid cores (Review article)
• Rules essential to water molecular undercoordination
• Interplay of non-linear elasticity and dislocation-induced superfluidity in solid Helium-4
• Absence of off-diagonal long-range order in hcp ${}^4$He dislocation cores
• Effect of Rotation on Elastic Moduli of Solid ${}^4$He
• Nuclear Spin Relaxation of Very Dilute 3He impurities in Solid 4He
• Grain Boundary Roughening Transitions
• Superfluid-like TO Responses in Rotating Solid Helium
• Defects and glassy dynamics in solid He-4: Perspectives and current status
• Microscopic approach to the bcc phase of solid 4He
• Non-classical Rotational Inertia in a Two-dimensional Bosonic Solid Containing Grain Boundaries
• Temperature Dependence of the Vacancy Formation Energy in Solid ${}^4$He
• On The Mobile Behavior of Solid ${}^4$He at High Temperatures
• Characterization of the Surface of Moving solid 4He
• Damping of elementary excitations in one-dimensional dipolar Bose gases
• Frustration-Induced Supersolid Phases of Extended Bose-Hubbard Model in the Hard-Core Limit
• Simultaneous investigation of shear modulus and torsional resonance of solid 4He
• Dimensional crossover in self-organised super-radiant phases of ultra cold atoms inside a cavity
• Transverse Quantum Superfluids
• BCC vs. HCP - The Effect of Crystal Symmetry on the High Temperature Mobility of Solid ${}^4$He
• Generation Efficiencies for Propagating Modes in a Supersolid
• Andreev-Lifshitz Hydrodynamics Applied to an Ordinary Solid under Pressure
• Andreev-Lifshitz Supersolid Hydrodynamics Including the Diffusive Mode
• Finite Temperature Properties of a Supersolid: a RPA Approach
• Ground-state Properties of a Supersolid in RPA
• Study of Supersolidity and Shear Modulus Anomaly of 4He in a Triple Compound Oscillator
• Influence of Ortho-H2 Clusters on the Mechanical Properties of Solid Para-H2
• Competing phases and intertwined orders in coupled wires near the self-dual point
• Quantum Phase Transition with a Simple Variational Ansatz
• Dislocation Mobility and Anomalous Shear Modulus Effect in ${}^4$He Crystals
• Superfluid Field response to Edge dislocation motion
• Low frequency elastic measurements on solid ${}^4$He in Vycor using a torsional oscillator
• Supersolid Devil's Staircases of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bosons in Optical Lattices
• Anomalously Small Excitation Gaps as a Precursor of Dislocation Core Superfluidity in Solid Helium-4
• Saga of Superfluid Solids
• Quantum exciton solid with embedded electron-hole solids in double-layer WSe2
• Superfluid transition in a correlated defect network
• Supersolid in Bose-Bose-Fermi Mixtures subjected to a Square Lattice
• Off-diagonal Long-Range Order and Supersolidity in a Quantum Solid with Vacancies
• Quantized vortex state in hcp solid 4He
• The role of glass dynamics in the anomaly of the dielectric function of solid helium
• Elastic Coulomb-levitation: why is ice so slippery?
• Shear Modulus of an Elastic Solid under External Pressure as a function of Temperature: The case of Helium