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Rapid Formation of Icy Super-Earths and the Cores of Gas Giant Planets
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We describe a coagulation model that leads to the rapid formation of super-Earths and the cores of gas giant planets. Interaction of collision fragments with the gaseous disk is th…
The X-Ray Environment During the Epoch of Terrestrial Planet Formation: Chandra Observations of h Persei
Thayne Currie, Nancy Remage Evans, Brad Spitzbart +5
We describe Chandra/ACIS-I observations of the massive ~ 13--14 Myr-old cluster, h Persei, part of the famous Double Cluster (h and chi Persei) in Perseus. Combining the list of Ch…
Low Mass Star Formation in the Taurus-Auriga Clouds
Scott J. Kenyon, Mercedes Gomez, Barbara A. Whitney
We review the history and structure of star formation in the Taurus-Auriga dark clouds. Our discussion includes a summary of the macroscopic cloud properties, the population of sin…
Dusty Cometary Globules in W5
X. P. Koenig, L. E. Allen, S. J. Kenyon +2
We report the discovery of four dusty cometary tails around low mass stars in two young clusters belonging to the W5 star forming region. Fits to the observed emission profiles fro…
A Spitzer Study of Debris Disks In The Young Nearby Cluster NGC 2232: Icy Planets Are Common Around ~ 1.5--3 Solar-Mass Stars
Thayne Currie, Peter Plavchan, Scott J. Kenyon
We describe Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of the nearby 25 Myr-old open cluster NGC 2232. Combining these data with ROSAT All-Sky Survey observations, proper motions, and opti…
Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We describe calculations for the formation of icy planets and debris disks at 30-150 AU around 1-3 solar mass stars. Debris disk formation coincides with the formation of planetary…
Planet formation around stars of various masses: Hot super-Earths
Grant M. Kennedy, Scott J. Kenyon
We consider trends resulting from two formation mechanisms for short-period super-Earths: planet-planet scattering and migration. We model scenarios where these planets originate n…
Deep MIPS Observations of the IC 348 Nebula: Constraints on the Evolutionary State of Anemic Circumstellar Disks and the Primordial-to-Debris Disk Transition
Thayne Currie, Scott Kenyon
We describe new, deep MIPS photometry and new high signal-to-noise optical spectroscopy of the 2.5 Myr-old IC 348 Nebula. To probe the properties of the IC 348 disk population, we…
Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
Grant M. Kennedy, Scott J. Kenyon
We use a semi-analytic circumstellar disk model that considers movement of the snow line through evolution of accretion and the central star to investigate how gas giant frequency…
Discovery of Gas Accretion Onto Stars in 13 Myr old h and chi Persei
Thayne Currie, Scott Kenyon, Zoltan Balog +2
We report the discovery of accretion disks associated with ~ 13 Myr-old intermediate/low-mass stars in h and chi Persei. Optical spectroscopy of ~ 5000 stars in these clusters and…
The Rise and Fall of Debris Disks: MIPS Observations of h and chi Persei and the Evolution of Mid-IR Emission from Planet Formation
Thayne Currie, Scott Kenyon, Zoltan Balog +3
We describe Spitzer/MIPS observations of the double cluster, h and Persei, covering a 0.6 square-degree area surrounding the cores of both clusters. The data are combine…
Terrestrial Zone Debris Disk Candidates in h and chi Persei
Thayne Currie, Scott J. Kenyon, George Rieke +2
We analyze 8 sources with strong mid-infrared excesses in the 13 Myr-old double cluster h and chi Persei. New optical spectra and broadband SEDs (0.36-8 mu_m) are consistent with c…
Formation and Collisional Evolution of Kuiper Belt Objects
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley, David P. O'Brien +1
This chapter summarizes analytic theory and numerical calculations for the formation and collisional evolution of KBOs at 20--150 AU. We describe the main predictions of a baseline…
Spitzer/IRAC and JHKs Observations of h & chi Persei: Constraints on Protoplanetary Disk and Massive Cluster Evolution at ~ 10^{7} yr
Thayne Currie, Zoltan Balog, S. J. Kenyon +12
We describe IRAC 3.6-8 mu_m observations and ground-based near-IR JHKs photometry from Mimir and 2MASS of the massive double cluster h & chi Persei complete to J=15.5 (M ~ 1.3 Msun…
Planet formation around low mass stars: the moving snow line and super-Earths
Grant M. Kennedy, Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We develop a semi-analytic model for planet formation during the pre-main sequence contraction phase of a low mass star. During this evolution, the stellar magnetosphere maintains…
Hypervelocity Stars: Predicting the Spectrum of Ejection Velocities
Benjamin C. Bromley, Scott J. Kenyon, Margaret J. Geller +3
The disruption of binary stars by the tidal field of the black hole in the Galactic Center can produce the hypervelocity stars observed in the halo. We use numerical models to simu…
A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability
J. L. Sokoloski, S. J. Kenyon, B. R. Espey +11
We describe observational evidence for a new kind of interacting-binary-star outburst that involves both an accretion instability and an increase in thermonuclear shell burning on…
Prospects for Detection of Catastrophic Collisions in Debris Disks
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We investigate the prospects for detecting dust from two body collisions during the late stages of planet formation at 1-150 AU. We develop an analytic model to describe the format…
Terrestrial Planet Formation I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We use a hybrid, multiannulus, n-body-coagulation code to investigate the growth of km-sized planetesimals at 0.4-2 AU around a solar-type star. After a short runaway growth phase,…
Stellar encounters as the origin of distant solar system objects in highly eccentric orbits
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
The discovery of Sedna places new constraints on the origin and evolution of our solar system. Here we investigate the possibility that a close encounter with another star produced…
A New Kind of Nova
J. L. Sokoloski, S. J. Kenyon, A. K. H. Kong +10
We performed extensive, multi-wavelength observations of the prototypical symbiotic star Z Andromedae between 2000 and 2003, during a large eruption. The rise to optical maximum oc…
The Size Distribution of Kuiper Belt Objects
Scott J. Kenyon, Benjamin C. Bromley
We describe analytical and numerical collisional evolution calculations for the size distribution of icy bodies in the Kuiper Belt. For a wide range of bulk properties, initial mas…
FUSE Observations of the Symbiotic Star AG Draconis
P. R. Young, A. K. Dupree, B. R. Espey +2
Spectra of the bright symbiotic star AG Draconis (BD+67D922) in the wavelength range 905-1187 A obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) are presented. The s…
Detecting the Dusty Debris of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Scott J Kenyon, Benjamin C Bromley
We use a multiannulus accretion code to investigate debris disks in the terrestrial zone, at 0.7-1.3 AU around a 1 solar mass star. Terrestrial planet formation produces a bright d…