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exoALMA XXII: A Two-dimensional Atlas of Deviations from Keplerian Disks
Misato Fukagawa, Andrés F. Izquierdo, Jochen Stadler +35
Protoplanetary disks are the birthplaces of planetary systems, and deviations from Keplerian rotation imprinted in disk gas kinematics serve as key tracers of physical processes an…
exoALMA XXI: The Morphology and Dynamics of Vertical Flows
Myriam Benisty, Andres F. Izquierdo, Jochen Stadler +33
Vertical gas flows, such as winds and meridional circulations, are natural outcomes of protoplanetary disk processes and play a critical role in the earliest stages of planet forma…
Nonthermal Velocity Dispersion in the Outer Disk of HL Tau
Jinshi Sai, Shigehisa Takakuwa, Hsi-Wei Yen +2
Turbulence in protoplanetary disks plays a crucial role in the evolution of disk structures and the planet formation process therein. However, the strength of the turbulence remain…
exoALMA XIX: Confirmation of Non-thermal Line Broadening in the DM Tau Protoplanetary Disk
Caitlyn Hardiman, Christophe Pinte, Daniel J. Price +38
Turbulence is expected to transport angular momentum and drive mass accretion in protoplanetary disks. One way to directly measure turbulent motion in disks is through molecular li…
exoALMA. XVIII. Interpreting large scale kinematic structures as moderate warping
Andrew J. Winter, Myriam Benisty, Andrés F. Izquierdo +28
The exoALMA program gave an unprecedented view of the complex kinematics of protoplanetary disks, revealing diverse structures that remain poorly understood. We show that moderate…
Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) XVII: A Compact but Structured Keplerian Disk and Large-scale Streamers Revealed in the Class I Protostellar System IRAS 04169+2702
Ilseung Han, Woojin Kwon, Yusuke Aso +22
We present high-resolution (0.05"; 8 au) dust continuum and molecular line observations toward the Class I protostellar system IRAS 04169+2702 in the Taurus B213 region, as p…
ExoALMA XIII. gas masses from N2H+ and C18O: a comparison of protoplanetary gas disk mass measurement techniques
Leon Trapman, Cristiano Longarini, Giovanni P. Rosotti +37
The gas masses of protoplanetary disks are important but elusive quantities. In this work we present new ALMA observations of N2H+ (3-2) for 11 exoALMA disks. N2H+ is a molecule se…
exoALMA. VI. Rotating under Pressure: Rotation curves, azimuthal velocity substructures, and pressure variations
Jochen Stadler, Myriam Benisty, Andrew J. Winter +36
The bulk motion of the gas in protoplanetary disks around newborn stars is nearly Keplerian. By leveraging the high angular and spectral resolution of ALMA, we can detect small-sca…
exoALMA. XVII. Characterizing the Gas Dynamics around Dust Asymmetries
Lisa Wölfer, Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro, Richard Teague +31
The key planet-formation processes in protoplanetary disks remain an active matter of research. One promising mechanism to radially and azimuthally trap millimeter-emitting dust gr…
exoALMA XV: Interpreting the height of CO emission layer
Giovanni P. Rosotti, Cristiano Longarini, Teresa Paneque-Carreño +32
The availability of exquisite data and the development of new analysis techniques have enabled the study of emitting heights in proto-planetary disks. In this paper we introduce a…
exoALMA III: Line-intensity Modeling and System Property Extraction from Protoplanetary Disks
Andrés F. Izquierdo, Jochen Stadler, Maria Galloway-Sprietsma +37
The ALMA large program exoALMA offers a unique window into the three-dimensional physical and dynamical properties of 15 circumstellar disks where planets may be actively forming.…
exoALMA V: Gaseous Emission Surfaces and Temperature Structures
Maria Galloway-Sprietsma, Jaehan Bae, Andrés F. Izquierdo +35
Analysis of the gaseous component in protoplanetary disks can inform us about their thermal and physical structure, chemical composition, and kinematic properties, all of which are…
exoALMA II: Data Calibration and Imaging Pipeline
Ryan A. Loomis, Stefano Facchini, Myriam Benisty +30
The exoALMA Large Program was designed to search for subtle kinematic deviations from Keplerian motion, indicative of embedded planets, in high angular and spectral resolution Band…
exoALMA XI: ALMA Observations and Hydrodynamic Models of LkCa 15: Implications for Planetary Mass Companions in the Dust Continuum Cavity
Charles H. Gardner, Andrea Isella, Hui Li +43
In the past decade, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has revealed a plethora of substructures in the disks surrounding young stars. These substructures have…
exoALMA. XVI. Predicting Signatures of Large-scale Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks
Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro, Mario Flock, William Béthune +31
Turbulent gas motions drive planet formation and protoplanetary disk evolution. However, empirical constraints on turbulence are scarce, halting our understanding of its nature. Re…
exoALMA XIV. Gas Surface Densities in the RX J1604.3-2130 A Disk from Pressure-broadened CO Line Wings
Tomohiro C. Yoshida, Pietro Curone, Jochen Stadler +31
The gas surface density is one of the most relevant physical quantities in protoplanetary disks. However, its precise measurement remains highly challenging due to the lack of a di…
exoALMA. VIII. Probabilistic Moment Maps and Data Products using Non-parametric Linear Models
Thomas Hilder, Andrew R. Casey, Daniel J. Price +33
Extracting robust inferences on physical quantities from disk kinematics measured from Doppler-shifted molecular line emission is challenging due to the data's size and complexity.…
exoALMA IX: Regularized Maximum Likelihood Imaging of Non-Keplerian Features
Brianna Zawadzki, Ian Czekala, Maria Galloway-Sprietsma +32
The planet-hunting ALMA large program exoALMA observed 15 protoplanetary disks at ~0.15" angular resolution and ~100 m/s spectral resolution, characterizing disk structures and kin…
exoALMA XII: Weighing and sizing exoALMA disks with rotation curve modelling
Cristiano Longarini, Giuseppe Lodato, Giovanni Rosotti +38
The exoALMA large program offers a unique opportunity to investigate the fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks, such as their masses and sizes, providing important insight…
exoALMA IV: Substructures, Asymmetries, and the Faint Outer Disk in Continuum Emission
Pietro Curone, Stefano Facchini, Sean M. Andrews +36
The exoALMA Large Program targeted a sample of 15 disks to study gas dynamics within these systems, and these observations simultaneously produced continuum data at 0.9 mm (331.6 G…
exoALMA. X. channel maps reveal complex CO abundance distributions and a variety of kinematic structures with evidence for embedded planets
Christophe Pinte, John D. Ilee, Jane Huang +34
We analyze the CO data cubes of the disks in the exoALMA program. 13/15 disks reveal a variety of kinematic substructures in individual channels: large-scale arcs or…
exoALMA I. Science Goals, Project Design and Data Products
Richard Teague, Myriam Benisty, Stefano Facchini +40
Planet formation is a hugely dynamic process requiring the transport, concentration and assimilation of gas and dust to form the first planetesimals and cores. With access to extre…
Observational Signatures of Dust Traffic Jams in Polar-Aligning Circumbinary Disks
Jeremy L. Smallwood, Rebecca Nealon, Hsi-Wei Yen +4
Misaligned circumbinary disks will produce dust traffic jams during alignment or anti-alignment to the binary orbital plane. We conduct a hydrodynamical simulation of an initially…
ALMA Observations of Proper Motions of the Dust Clumps in the Protoplanetary Disk MWC 758
I-Hsuan Genevieve Kuo, Hsi-Wei Yen, Pin-Gao Gu
To study the dust dynamics in the dust trapping vortices in the protoplanetary disk around MWC~758, we analyzed the 1.3 mm continuum images of the MWC~758 disk obtained with the At…