most citedExternalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering

6 citations · 6 across the 19 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

20 papers

cs.CR2026

Safety in Self-Evolving Agents: A Survey

Jiahao Chen, Zhou Feng, Oubo Ma +28

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general capabilities, yet their parameters typically remain fixed after deployment, limiting learning from new interactions. In open-end…

cs.AI2026

RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environments

Linghua Zhang, Jun Wang, Jingtong Wu +1

Large language model (LLM) agents have made rapid progress on short-horizon, well-scoped tasks, yet their ability to sustain coherent decisions in dynamic long-horizon environments…

cs.AI2026

Communication Policy Evolution for Proactive LLM Agents

Xinbei Ma, Jiyang Qiu, Yao Yao +10

LLM agents have rapidly evolved into autonomous systems, yet a persistent information gap remains between users and agents: communication is costly, while users' identical preferen…

cs.CL2026

Retrospective Progress-Aware Self-Refinement for LLM Agent Training

Xinbei Ma, Congmin Zheng, Jiyang Qiu +11

Long-horizon LLM-based agents receive rich environmental observations during interaction, yet outcome rewards provide limited explicit supervision about how individual actions adva…

cs.LG2026

Holder Policy Optimisation

Yuxiang Chen, Dingli Liang, Yihang Chen +8

Group Relative Policy Optimisation (GRPO) enhances large language models by estimating advantages across a group of sampled trajectories. However, mapping these trajectory-level ad…

cs.MA2026

SkillMAS: Skill Co-Evolution with LLM-based Multi-Agent System

Shuai Pan, Yixiang Liu, Jiaye Gao +7

Large language model (LLM) agent systems are increasingly expected to improve after deployment, but existing work often decouples two adaptation targets: skill evolution and multi-…

cs.CL2026

SMMBench: A Benchmark for Source-Distributed Multimodal Agent Memory

Huacan Chai, Yukai Wang, Yingxuan Yang +7

Existing benchmarks for multimodal memory reasoning largely evaluate systems within pre-assembled contexts, but under-evaluate whether agents can use evidence distributed across in…

cs.HC2026

TopoClaw: A Human-Centric and Topology-Aware Agent Operating System

Heyuan Huang, Yeyi Guan, Jihong Wang +7

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved AI assistants into autonomous reasoning engines that maintain context, invoke tools, and pursue long-horizon tasks. This has spurred Agent…

cs.AI2026

Position: Agentic AI System Is a Foreseeable Pathway to AGI

Junwei Liao, Shuai Li, Muning Wen +2

Is monolithic scaling the only path to AGI? This paper challenges the dogma that purely scaling a single model is sufficient to achieve Artificial General Intelligence. Instead, we…

cs.CL2026

Skills on the Fly: Test-Time Adaptive Skill Synthesis for LLM Agents

Jingxing Wang, Chenyu Zhou, Zhihui Fu +4

Additional test-time compute can give LLM agents access to more past experience, yet expanding the context or adding rollouts does not necessarily yield greater agent capability. W…

cs.CR2026

Compiling Activation Steering into Weights via Null-Space Constraints for Stealthy Backdoors

Rui Yin, Tianxu Han, Naen Xu +8

Safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world pipelines, yet this deployment also enlarges the supply-chain attack surface: adversaries can di…

cs.SE2026★ 6 cited

Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering

Chenyu Zhou, Huacan Chai, Wenteng Chen +18

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly built less by changing model weights than by reorganizing the runtime around them. Capabilities that earlier systems expected the…

cs.AI2026

RetailBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Autonomous Decision-Making and Strategy Stability of LLM Agents in Realistic Retail Environments

Linghua Zhang, Jun Wang, Jingtong Wu +1

Large language model (LLM) agents have made rapid progress on short-horizon, well-scoped tasks, yet their ability to sustain coherent decisions in dynamic long-horizon environments…

cs.AI2026

Plan-MCTS: Plan Exploration for Action Exploitation in Web Navigation

Weiming Zhang, Jihong Wang, Jiamu Zhou +9

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered autonomous agents to handle complex web navigation tasks. While recent studies integrate tree search to enhance long-horizon reasoning,…

cs.LG2026

Adaptive Milestone Reward for GUI Agents

Congmin Zheng, Xiaoyun Mo, Xinbei Ma +10

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for training Mobile GUI Agents, yet it struggles with the temporal credit assignment problem inherent in long-horiz…

cs.CL2026

Agent-Dice: Disentangling Knowledge Updates via Geometric Consensus for Agent Continual Learning

Zheng Wu, Xingyu Lou, Xinbei Ma +5

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents significantly extend the utility of LLMs by interacting with dynamic environments. However, enabling agents to continually learn new tasks w…

cs.MA2025

ColorEcosystem: Powering Personalized, Standardized, and Trustworthy Agentic Service in massive-agent Ecosystem

Fangwen Wu, Zheng Wu, Jihong Wang +11

With the rapid development of (multimodal) large language model-based agents, the landscape of agentic service management has evolved from single-agent systems to multi-agent syste…

cs.AI2025

ColorBench: Benchmarking Mobile Agents with Graph-Structured Framework for Complex Long-Horizon Tasks

Yuanyi Song, Heyuan Huang, Qiqiang Lin +9

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models has enabled agents to operate mobile devices by directly interacting with graphical user interfaces, opening new possibili…

cs.CL2025

VeriOS: Query-Driven Proactive Human-Agent-GUI Interaction for Trustworthy OS Agents

Zheng Wu, Heyuan Huang, Xingyu Lou +8

With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models, operating system (OS) agents become increasingly capable of automating tasks through on-device graphical user interface…

cs.CL2025

Quick on the Uptake: Eliciting Implicit Intents from Human Demonstrations for Personalized Mobile-Use Agents

Zheng Wu, Heyuan Huang, Yanjia Yang +6

As multimodal large language models advance rapidly, the automation of mobile tasks has become increasingly feasible through the use of mobile-use agents that mimic human interacti…