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When Do Larger Batches Help Scale LLM Reinforcement Learning?
Ziniu Li, Jinbo Wang, Guanhua Huang +3
Larger batches reduce the variance of stochastic gradients per update and are therefore often expected to accelerate training. Yet whether this statistical benefit translates into…
Balanced Aggregation: Understanding and Fixing Aggregation Bias in GRPO
Zhiyuan Zeng, Jiameng Huang, Zhangyue Yin +8
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a central paradigm for improving reasoning and code generation in large language models, and GRPO-style training is…
Off-Policy Value-Based Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
Peng-Yuan Wang, Ziniu Li, Tian Xu +8
Improving data utilization efficiency is critical for scaling reinforcement learning (RL) for long-horizon tasks where generating trajectories is expensive. However, the dominant R…
Beyond Precision: Training-Inference Mismatch is an Optimization Problem and Simple LR Scheduling Fixes It
Yaxiang Zhang, Yingru Li, Jiacai Liu +4
Reinforcement Learning (RL) for training Large Language Models is notoriously unstable. While recent studies attribute this to "training inference mismatch stemming" from inconsist…
The Optimal Token Baseline: Variance Reduction for Long-Horizon LLM-RL
Yingru Li, Jiawei Xu, Ziniu Li +10
Reinforcement Learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffers from training collapse in long-horizon tasks due to exploding gradient variance. To mitigate this, a base…
Exploration vs Exploitation: Rethinking RLVR through Clipping, Entropy, and Spurious Reward
Peter Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Ziniu Li +3
This paper examines the exploration-exploitation trade-off in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), a framework for improving the reasoning of Large Language Model…
A Note on Hybrid Online Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for LLMs: Formulations and Algorithms
Yingru Li, Ziniu Li, Jiacai Liu
We present a unified framework for Large Language Model (LLM) fine-tuning that integrates Imitation Learning and Reinforcement Learning. By analyzing the gradient of a composite ob…
Beyond Token-level Supervision: Unlocking the Potential of Decoding-based Regression via Reinforcement Learning
Ming Chen, Sheng Tang, Rong-Xi Tan +4
Decoding-based regression, which reformulates regression as a sequence generation task, has emerged as a promising paradigm of applying large language models for numerical predicti…
Dynamic Vocabulary Pruning: Stable LLM-RL by Taming the Tail
Yingru Li, Jiawei Xu, Jiacai Liu +6
Reinforcement Learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a fundamental tension: the numerical divergence between high-throughput inference engines and numerically precise…
Trust Region Masking for Long-Horizon LLM Reinforcement Learning
Yingru Li, Jiacai Liu, Jiawei Xu +4
Policy gradient methods for Large Language Models optimize a policy via a surrogate objective computed from samples of a rollout policy . However, modern LLM…
ORGEval: Graph-Theoretic Evaluation of LLMs in Optimization Modeling
Zhuohan Wang, Ziwei Zhu, Ziniu Li +8
Formulating optimization problems for industrial applications demands significant manual effort and domain expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating…
Knapsack RL: Unlocking Exploration of LLMs via Optimizing Budget Allocation
Ziniu Li, Congliang Chen, Tianyun Yang +5
Large Language Models (LLMs) can self-improve through reinforcement learning, where they generate trajectories to explore and discover better solutions. However, this exploration p…
TreePO: Bridging the Gap of Policy Optimization and Efficacy and Inference Efficiency with Heuristic Tree-based Modeling
Yizhi Li, Qingshui Gu, Zhoufutu Wen +14
Recent advancements in aligning large language models via reinforcement learning have achieved remarkable gains in solving complex reasoning problems, but at the cost of expensive…
Bridging Formal Language with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning to Geometry Problem Solving
Tianyun Yang, Yunwen Li, Ziniu Li +3
Large vision language models exhibit notable limitations on Geometry Problem Solving (GPS) because of their unreliable diagram interpretation and pure natural-language reasoning. A…
Quality-Diversity Red-Teaming: Automated Generation of High-Quality and Diverse Attackers for Large Language Models
Ren-Jian Wang, Ke Xue, Zeyu Qin +7
Ensuring the safety and robustness of large language models (LLMs) is a fundamental challenge and a critical prerequisite for the responsible deployment of artificial intelligence.…
Stepwise Guided Policy Optimization: Coloring your Incorrect Reasoning in GRPO
Peter Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Ziniu Li +2
Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective in strengthening the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). A widely adopted method, Group Relative Policy Optimiz…