most citedKnapsack RL: Unlocking Exploration of LLMs via Optimizing Budget Allocation

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cs.CL2026

HuatuoGPT-3: RL-Only Domain Adaptation from Base Models

Junying Chen, Xinyuan Xie, Ziniu Li +7

Domain adaptation aims to turn a general-purpose large language model (LLM) into an expert for a target domain. While the dominant SFT+RL pipeline offers a convenient cold start, i…

cs.CL2026

GameCraft-Bench: Can Agents Build Playable Games End-to-End in a Real Game Engine?

Tongxu Luo, Rongsheng Wang, Jiaxi Bi +22

Game generation is an emerging application of coding agents, requiring models to transform natural-language specifications into playable interactive systems. Unlike traditional cod…

cs.CL2026

The Molecular Structure of Thought: Mapping the Topology of Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Qiguang Chen, Yantao Du, Ziniu Li +10

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to learn effective long chain-of-thought (Long CoT) reasoning from human or non-Long-CoT LLMs imitation. To understand this, we propose that…

cs.CL2026

Encyclo-K: Evaluating LLMs with Dynamically Composed Knowledge Statements

Yiming Liang, Yizhi Li, Yantao Du +14

Benchmarks play a crucial role in tracking the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and identifying their capability boundaries. However, existing benchmarks predomina…

cs.CL2025

Teaching Language Models to Reason with Tools

Chengpeng Li, Zhengyang Tang, Ziniu Li +8

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI-o1 have shown impressive capabilities in natural language reasoning. However, these models frequently demonstrate inefficiencies or inaccu…

cs.CL2025

Scaling Latent Reasoning via Looped Language Models

Rui-Jie Zhu, Zixuan Wang, Kai Hua +30

Modern LLMs are trained to "think" primarily via explicit text generation, such as chain-of-thought (CoT), which defers reasoning to post-training and under-leverages pre-training…

cs.CL2025

CoRT: Code-integrated Reasoning within Thinking

Chengpeng Li, Zhengyang Tang, Ziniu Li +8

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown remarkable progress in natural language reasoning with long chain-of-thought (CoT), yet they remain inefficient or…

cs.CL2025

RealCritic: Towards Effectiveness-Driven Evaluation of Language Model Critiques

Zhengyang Tang, Ziniu Li, Zhenyang Xiao +8

Critiques are important for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling both self-improvement and constructive feedback for others by identifying flaws and…

cs.CL2025

Self-Evolving Critique Abilities in Large Language Models

Zhengyang Tang, Ziniu Li, Zhenyang Xiao +8

Despite their remarkable performance, Large Language Models (LLMs) face a critical challenge: providing feedback for tasks where human evaluation is difficult or where LLMs potenti…