Evidence for coherent collective Rydberg excitation in the strong blockade regime

Abstract

Blockade effects on the single quantum level are at the heart of quantum devices like single-electron transistors. The blockade mechanisms are based on strong interactions like the Coulomb interaction in case of single electrons. Neutral atoms excited into a Rydberg state experience abnormally strong interactions that lead to the corresponding blockade effect for Rydberg atoms. In this paper we report on our measurements of a strong van der Waals blockade, showing that only one out of several thousand atoms within a blockade volume can be excited. In addition, our experimental results demonstrate the coherent nature of the excitation of magnetically trapped ultracold atoms into a Rydberg state, confirming the predicted dependence of the collective Rabi frequency on the square root of the mesoscopic system size. This collective coherent behaviour is generic for all mesoscopic systems which are able to carry only one single excitation quantum.

5 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (8)

• Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics
• Dipole Blockade and Quantum Information Processing in Mesoscopic Atomic Ensembles
• Fast quantum gates for neutral atoms
• Coherent optical detection of highly excited Rydberg states using electromagnetically induced transparency
• Local Blockade of Rydberg Excitation in an Ultracold Gas
• Suppression of Excitation and Spectral Broadening Induced by Interactions in a Cold Gas of Rydberg Atoms
• Resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms in a magnetic field
• High Resolution Rydberg Spectroscopy of ultracold Rubidium Atoms

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