Goldstone Bosons in the 3P2 Superfluid Phase of Neutron Matter and Neutrino Emission

Abstract

At the high densities present in the interior of neutron stars, the neutrons are condensed into the 3P2 superfluid phase. While this condensation has little impact on the equation of state, it can have an important role in determining the low-temperature energy-momentum transport properties. The spontaneous breaking of baryon number by the condensate gives rise to the familiar Goldstone boson, but in addition, the spontaneous breaking of rotational invariance by the condensate gives rise to three Goldstone bosons, in general, one for each broken generator of rotations. These Goldstone bosons, which couple to the Z0, provide a new mechanism for neutrino emission. Using a low-energy effective field theory to describe the dynamics of these Goldstone bosons we estimate the neutrino emissivity of dense neutron matter and show that their annihilation is the dominant energy-loss mechanism over a range of temperatures.

11 pages, 2 figures; Substantial change from previous version

References in corpus (3)

• Pairing in nuclear systems: from neutron stars to finite nuclei
• Renormalization group approach to neutron matter: quasiparticle interactions, superfluid gaps and the equation of state
• ${}^3{P}_2$-${}^3{F}_2$ Pairing in Dense Neutron Matter: The Spectrum of Solutions

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• A lattice theory for low energy fermions at finite chemical potential
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• 3PF2 pairing in high-density neutron matter
• Neutrino scattering off pair-breaking and collective excitations in superfluid neutron matter and in color-flavor locked quark matter
• Viscous damping of r-mode oscillations in compact stars with quark matter
• Goldstone modes in the neutron star core
• Magnetic Properties of Quantized Vortices in Neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ Superfluids in Neutron Stars
• Collective modes of the order parameter in a triplet superfluid neutron liquid
• ${}^3{P}_2$ Superfluids Are Topological
• Reexamining Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluidity in neutron stars
• Continuity from neutron matter to two-flavor quark matter with ${}^1{S}_0$ and ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluidity
• The low lying modes of triplet-condensed neutron matter and their effective theory
• Zero sound in triplet-correlated superfluid neutron matter
• Phase structure of neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in strong magnetic fields in neutron stars
• Collective excitations of a quantized vortex in ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Quark description of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons in the color-flavor locked phase
• Shear viscosity and the r-mode instability window in superfluid neutron stars
• Massive and massless modes of the triplet phase of neutron matter
• Microscopic description of axisymmetric vortices in ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids
• Thermal conductivity due to phonons in the core of superfluid neutron stars
• Domain walls in neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Quark matter contribution to the heat capacity of magnetized neutron stars
• Neutrino emissivity from Goldstone boson decay in magnetized neutron matter
• Critical endpoint and universality class of neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Coexistence phase of ${}^1{S}_0$ and ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Topological defects at the boundary of neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Bulk viscosity coefficients due to phonons in superfluid neutron stars
• Spin-polarized phases of ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars
• Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids
• Proximity effects of vortices in neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars: Vortex core transitions and covalent bonding of vortex molecules
• Transport properties of superfluid phonons in neutron stars
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Symmetry classification of uniform states in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates and neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids
• Emergent chirality and superfluidity of parity-doubled baryons in neutron stars
• Gapless excitations of axially symmetric vortices in systems with tensorial order parameter