Methods for the Study of Particle Production Fluctuations

Abstract

We discuss various measures of net charge (conserved quantities) fluctuations proposed for the identification of critical phenomena in heavy ion collisions. We show the dynamical component of fluctuations of the net charge can be expressed simply in terms of integrals of two- and single-particle densities. We discuss the dependence of the fluctuation observables on detector acceptance, detection efficiency and colliding system size and collision centrality. Finally, we present a toy model of particle production including charge conservation and resonance production to gauge the effects of such resonances and finite acceptance on the net charge fluctuations.

12 pages, 1 figure, misc typos corrected. Added discussion of wounded nucleon model

References in corpus (15)

• Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high density QCD
• Static and Dynamic Critical Phenomena at a Second Order QCD Phase Transition
• Charged Particle Ratio Fluctuation as a Signal for QGP
• Clocking hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions with balance functions
• Event-by-event physics in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Fluctuations of particle ratios and the abundance of hadronic resonances
• Event-by-event fluctuations of the charged particle ratio from non-equilibrium transport theory
• Anomalous Multiplicity Fluctuations from Phase Transitions in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Ratios of charged antiparticles to particles near mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV
• A Search for Disoriented Chiral Condensate at the Fermilab Tevatron
• Baryon Fluctuations and the QCD Phase Transition
• Analysis of Charged-Particle/Photon Observables in Hadronic Multiparticle Production
• Kaon and Pion Fluctuations from Small Disoriented Chiral Condensates
• Interpretation of the First Data on Central Au+Au Collisions at Square-Root of s = 56 and 130 A GeV
• Covariance of Antiproton Yield and Source Size in Nuclear Collisions

Cited by in corpus (123)

• Thermal Dileptons at LHC
• Heavy-Quark Kinetics in the QGP at LHC
• Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions
• Acceptance corrections to net baryon and net charge cumulants
• Transverse radial expansion in nuclear collisions and two particle correlations
• Strongly Intensive Quantities
• Incident energy dependence of pt correlations at relativistic energies
• Multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV
• Measurement of Non-Random Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Average Transverse Momentum in sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p Collisions
• Acceptance dependence of fluctuation measures near the QCD critical point
• Fluctuations, strangeness and quasi-quarks in heavy-ion collisions from lattice QCD
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Local Efficiency Corrections to Higher Order Cumulants
• Net-charge fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Causal Diffusion and the Survival of Charge Fluctuations in Nuclear Collisions
• SHAREv2: fluctuations and a comprehensive treatment of decay feed-down
• Traces of Thermalization from Transverse Momentum Fluctuations in Nuclear Collisions
• On Normalization of Strongly Intensive Quantities
• K/pi Fluctuations at Relativistic Energies
• Balance Functions from Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• SHARE with CHARM
• Beam-Energy and System-Size Dependence of Dynamical Net Charge Fluctuations
• Forward-backward correlations between multiplicities in windows separated in azimuth and rapidity
• Electric charge fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20, 30, 40, 80 and 158 AGeV
• Review of Recent Results from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations at 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c in Pb+Au Collisions
• Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas with global conservation laws for event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Fluctuation Probes of Early-Time Correlations in Nuclear Collisions
• Phase conversion in a weakly first-order quark-hadron transition
• Collision Energy Dependence of $p_{\mathrm{t}}$ Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Particle yield fluctuations and chemical non-equilibrium at RHIC
• Correlated stopping, proton clusters and higher order proton cumulants
• The Role of Baryon Number Conservation in Measurements of Fluctuations
• Multiplicity fluctuations in the hadron gas with exact conservation laws
• Fluid dynamic propagation of initial baryon number perturbations on a Bjorken flow background
• Identity Method for Particle Number Fluctuations and Correlations
• Phase-space dependence of particle-ratio fluctuations in Pb+Pb collisions from 20A to 158A GeV beam energy
• Removing Distortions from Charge Balance Functions
• STAR Results from Au + Au Fixed-Target Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 4.5 GeV
• Soft Contribution to the Hard Ridge in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Searching for the QCD Critical Point Using Particle Ratio Fluctuations and Higher Moments of Multiplicity Distributions
• An Overview of Fluctuation and Correlation Results in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Two particle differential transverse momentum and number density correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb at the LHC
• Strongly intensive observable between multiplicities in two acceptance windows in a string model
• Event-by-event pT fluctuations and multiparticle clusters in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Strongly Intensive Measures for Transverse Momentum and Particle Number Fluctuations
• Correlations and Fluctuations in STAR
• Correlations and Fluctuations
• Relative particle yield fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Charge Transfer Fluctuations as a Signal for QGP
• Flow Fluctuations from Early-Time Correlations in Nuclear Collisions
• Rapidity Correlation Structure in Nuclear Collisions
• Differential two-particle number and momentum correlations with the AMPT, UrQMD, and EPOS models in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$= 2.76 TeV
• Boltzmann-Langevin Approach to Pre-equilibrium Correlations in Nuclear Collisions
• The Effect of Dynamical Parton Recombination on Event-by-Event Observables
• Bayesian approach to long-range correlations and multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations at SPS
• Event-by-Event Identified Particle Ratio Fluctuations in Pb-Pb Collisions with ALICE using the Identity Method
• Multiplicity fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• System size dependence of transverse momentum correlations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 62.4 and 200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Unfolding of event-by-event net-charge distributions in heavy-ion collision
• System evolution of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in a multi-phase transport model
• Boost Invariance and Multiplicity Dependence of the Charge Balance Functionin ${\pi }^{+}p$ and $K^{+}p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=22$ GeV/c
• On number-ratio fluctuations in high-energy particle-production
• Identity Method Revisited
• Traces of Thermalization at RHIC
• Neutral to charged kaon yield fluctuations in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76TeV
• Recent Results of Fluctuation and Correlation Studies from the STAR Experiment
• Measuring Dynamical K/$\pi$ and p/$\pi$ Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions from the STAR Experiment
• The Quark-Gluon Plasma in a Finite Volume
• Beam-energy dependence of identified two-particle angular correlations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Modeling of Charged-Neutral Kaon Fluctuations as a Signature of DCC Production in A--A Collisions
• Statistical and dynamical parts of the cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• System size dependence of particle-ratio fluctuations in Pb+Pb collisions at 158$A$ GeV
• Event-by-event fluctuations and the QGP phase transition
• Strongly Intensive Measures for Particle Number Fluctuations: Effects of Hadronic Resonances
• Net-charge fluctuation in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research using the UrQMD model
• Event by Event fluctuation in K/pi ratio at RHIC
• Isolating dynamical net-charge fluctuations
• Simulation studies of ${\mathrm{R}}_2(\mathrm{\Delta }\eta ,\mathrm{\Delta }\phi )$ and ${\mathrm{P}}_2(\mathrm{\Delta }\eta ,\mathrm{\Delta }\phi )$ correlation functions in pp collisions with the PYTHIA and HERWIG models
• Energy and Transverse Momentum Fluctuations in the Equilibrium Quantum Systems
• Strongly Intensive Measures for Multiplicity Fluctuations
• Statistical hadronization phenomenology in $K/\pi$ fluctuations at ultra-relativistic energies
• Resonances and fluctuations of strange particle in 200 GeV Au-Au collisions
• Event by Event Net Charge Fluctuations
• Modeling net-charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
• Overview of event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions
• Heavy ion collisions: Correlations and Fluctuations in particle production
• Study of dynamical charge fluctuations in the hadronic medium
• Density correlations under global and local charge conservation
• Phenomenology of Strangeness enhancement in heavy ion collisions
• Correlations and fluctuations: generalized factorial moments
• Fluctuations and Correlations in STAR
• Multiplicity fluctuations and correlations in 5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions at zero impact parameter
• Conserved charge fluctuations using the $D$-measure in heavy-ion collisions
• Acceptance dependence of factorial cumulants, long-range correlations, and the antiproton puzzle
• Experimental results on charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• On dynamical net-charge fluctuations within a hadron resonance gas approach
• Search for QCD Phase Transitions and the Critical Point utilizing Particle Ratio Fluctuations and Transverse Momentum Correlations from the STAR Experiment
• System size and energy dependence of the mean transverse momentum fluctuations at the LHC
• Correlator Analysis of Multiparticle Events
• Study of γ-charge correlation in heavy ion collisions, various approaches
• Resonances and fluctuations at SPS and RHIC
• Differential Correlation Measurements with the Identity Method
• Excitation Function of <pt> and Net Charge Fluctuations at RHIC
• Charged-to-neutral correlation at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV
• Fluctuations of particle ratios as a freeze-out probe
• Study of Dynamical $K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$ Fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 22.4 GeV Cu+Cu Collisions from the STAR Experiment
• Measurements of differential two-particle number and transverse momentum correlation functions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\text{s}}$ = 13 TeV
• Particle multiplicities and fluctuations in 200 GeV Au-Au collisions
• Fluctuation and flow probes of early-time correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Multiplicity fluctuation and correlation of mesons and baryons in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at LHC
• What can we learn from fluctuations of particle ratios?
• Fluctuations from Thermalization at RHIC
• Recent results from NA61/SHINE and NA49
• A Study of the QCD Critical Point Using Particle Ratio Fluctuations
• Recent developments in particle yield fluctuation measurements
• Study of diffusion coefficients of identified particles at energies available at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Multiplicity fluctuations and rapidity correlations in ultracentral proton-nucleus collisions
• Resonances and fluctuations in the statistical model
• A statistical model analysis of yields and fluctuations in 200 GeV Au-Au collisions