A non-perturbative study of 4d U(1) non-commutative gauge theory -- the fate of one-loop instability

Abstract

Recent perturbative studies show that in 4d non-commutative spaces, the trivial (classically stable) vacuum of gauge theories becomes unstable at the quantum level, unless one introduces sufficiently many fermionic degrees of freedom. This is due to a negative IR-singular term in the one-loop effective potential, which appears as a result of the UV/IR mixing. We study such a system non-perturbatively in the case of pure U(1) gauge theory in four dimensions, where two directions are non-commutative. Monte Carlo simulations are performed after mapping the regularized theory onto a U(N) lattice gauge theory in d=2. At intermediate coupling strength, we find a phase in which open Wilson lines acquire non-zero vacuum expectation values, which implies the spontaneous breakdown of translational invariance. In this phase, various physical quantities obey clear scaling behaviors in the continuum limit with a fixed non-commutativity parameter $\theta$, which provides evidence for a possible continuum theory. The extent of the dynamically generated space in the non-commutative directions becomes finite in the above limit, and its dependence on $\theta$ is evaluated explicitly. We also study the dispersion relation. In the weak coupling symmetric phase, it involves a negative IR-singular term, which is responsible for the observed phase transition. In the broken phase, it reveals the existence of the Nambu-Goldstone mode associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking.

29 pages, 23 figures, references added

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• Realization of Center Symmetry in Two Adjoint Flavor Large-N Yang-Mills
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• Emergent gravity from Eguchi-Kawai reduction
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• The Continuum Phase Diagram of the 2d Non-Commutative lambda phi**4 Model
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• Fermionic Contributions to the Free Energy of Noncommutative Quantum Electrodynamics at High Temperature
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