Structure Functions of the Nucleon and their Interpretation

Abstract

The current status of measurements of the nucleon structure functions and their understanding is reviewed. The fixed target experiments E665, CCFR and NMC and the HERA experiments H1 and ZEUS are discussed in some detail. The extraction of parton momentum distribution functions from global fits is described, with particular attention paid to much improved information on the gluon momentum distribution. The status of alpha_s measurements from deep inelastic data is reviewed. Models and non-perturbative approaches for the parton input distributions are outlined. The impact on the phenomenology of QCD of the data at very low values of the Bjorken x variable is discussed in detail. Recent advances in the understanding of the transition from deep inelastic scattering to photoproduction are summarised. Some brief comments are made on the recent HERA measurements of the ep NC and CC cross-sections at very high Q2.

196 pages, 79 figures, uses ijmpa.sty and psfig.tex (included)

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Cited by in corpus (74)

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• HERA Collider Physics
• Screening effects in the ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions
• Small-x Physics: From HERA to LHC and beyond
• Deeply inelastic scattering structure functions on a hybrid quantum computer
• Small-x behavior of the structure function F_2 and its slope partial ln(F_2)/partial ln(1/x) for "frozen" and analytic strong-coupling constants
• Small x behaviour of parton distributions with soft initial conditions
• The Gluon Impact Factors
• Penetration of the Earth by ultrahigh energy neutrinos predicted by low x QCD
• Random walks of partons in SU(N_c) and classical representations of color charges in QCD at small x
• High-Q^2 neutral current cross sections in e^+p deep inelastic scattering at sqrt{s}=318 GeV
• The impact factor for the virtual photon to light vector meson transition
• Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea
• Measurement of high-Q2 charged current cross sections in e-p deep inelastic scattering at HERA
• Small x behavior of parton distributions. A study of higher twist effects
• Measurement of high-Q^2 charged current cross sections in e^+p deep inelastic scattering at HERA
• Determination of the Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes from Atmospheric Neutrino Data
• Parton densities and saturation scale from non-linear evolution in DIS on nuclei
• Photon-Reggeon Interaction Vertices in the Nla
• The Quark and Gluon Structure of the Proton
• Heavy-quark contributions to the ratio F_L/F_2 at low x
• QCD coupling constant at NNLO from DIS data
• Infrared safety of impact factors for colourless particle interactions
• QCD effective charge and the structure function $F_2$ at small-$x$
• On the mass difference between proton and neutron
• A Pomeron Approach to Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus "Soft" Interactions at High Energy
• Q2-evolution of parton densities at small x values. Combined H1 and ZEUS F2 data
• Extracting the longitudinal structure function FL(x,Q2) at small x from a Froissart-bounded parametrization of F2(x,Q2)
• Transverse momentum dependent parton densities in processes with heavy quark generations
• Small x Gluons in Nuclei and Hadrons
• Calculation of Moments of Structure Functions
• Application of the rescaling model at small Bjorken $x$ values
• Searching Saturation in eA Processes
• Charm Production and QCD Analysis at HERA and LHC
• A Model for the Pion Structure Function
• Longitudinal structure function FL at small x extracted from the Berger-Block-Tan parametrization of F2
• Investigation into the limits of perturbation theory at low Q^2 using HERA deep inelastic scattering data
• The dipole cross section by the unintegrated gluon distribution at small $x$
• Has HERA reached a new QCD regime?
• Transverse momentum dependent parton densities in a proton from the generalized DAS approach
• Unitarity Corrections to the Drell-Yan Process in the Target Rest Frame
• Valence quark distributions in mesons in generalized QCD sum rules
• How fast do small x structure function rise ? A comparative analysis
• Deep inelastic scattering and "elastic" diffraction
• Measuring the BFKL Pomeron in Neutrino Telescopes
• Small x behavior of the slope dlnF_2/dln(1/x) in the framework of perturbative QCD
• Proton-proton interaction in constituent quarks model at LHC energies
• Effect of the parameterization of the distribution functions on the longitudinal structure function at small $x$
• The Logarithmic Slope in Diffractive DIS
• Constraining the free parameter of the high parton density effects
• Spin dependent structure function g_1 at low x and low Q^2
• Valence quark distributions in nucleon at low $Q^2$ in QCD
• Solutions of Independent DGLAP Evolution Equations for the Gluon Distribution and Singlet Structure Functions in the Next-to-Leading Order at Low x
• Probing Gluons in Nuclei: the Case of ${\eta }^{\prime }$
• Gluon density from the Berger-Block-Tan form of the structure function F2
• A search for Z' in muon neutrino associated charm production
• Analytic Approach to the Approximate Solution of the Independent DGLAP Evolution Equations with Respect to the Hard-Pomeron Behavior
• Gluon evolution for the Berger-Block-Tan form of the structure function F2
• $x{F}_3(x,Q^2)$ Structure Function and Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule with Nuclear Effect and Higher Twist Correction
• The GZK Puzzle and Fundamental Dynamics
• Small-x behavior of non-singlet spin structure function and Bjorken sum rule with pQCD correction up to NNLO and Higher twist correction
• Parametrisation of F_2^gamma at low Q^2 and of sigma(gamma,gamma) and sigma(gamma^*,gamma) at high energies
• Low-x Physics
• Criticality in quark-gluon systems far beyond thermal and chemical equilibrium
• Measurement of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry for Mid-rapidity Production of Neutral Pions in Polarized p+p Collisions at 200 GeV Center-of-Mass Energy
• Novel features in exclusive vector--meson production
• Q2-evolution of parton densities at small-x values
• Q^2 evolution of parton distributions at small x
• Low $x$ physics and Structure Functions
• QED Radiative Processes in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
• Total gamma-gamma and gamma*-gamma* Cross Sections Measured at LEP