Muon g-2: Review of Theory and Experiment

Abstract

A review of the experimental and theoretical determinations of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is given. The anomaly is defined by a=(g-2)/2, where the Landé g-factor is the proportionality constant that relates the spin to the magnetic moment. For the muon, as well as for the electron and tauon, the anomaly a differs slightly from zero (of order 10^{-3}) because of radiative corrections. In the Standard Model, contributions to the anomaly come from virtual `loops' containing photons and the known massive particles. The relative contribution from heavy particles scales as the square of the lepton mass over the heavy mass, leading to small differences in the anomaly for e, μ, and τ. If there are heavy new particles outside the Standard Model which couple to photons and/or leptons, the relative effect on the muon anomaly will be \sim (m_μ/ m_e)^2 \approx 43\times 10^3 larger compared with the electron anomaly. Because both the theoretical and experimental values of the muon anomaly are determined to high precision, it is an excellent place to search for the effects of new physics, or to constrain speculative extensions to the Standard Model. Details of the current theoretical evaluation, and of the series of experiments that culminates with E821 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory are given. At present the theoretical and the experimental values are known with a similar relative precision of 0.5 ppm. There is, however, a 3.4 standard deviation difference between the two, strongly suggesting the need for continued experimental and theoretical study

103 pages, 57 figures, submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics Final version as published, several minor clarifications to text and a number of references were corrected

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• The Tenth-Order QED Contribution to the Lepton g-2: Evaluation of Dominant ${\alpha }^5$ Terms of Muon g-2
• Hadronic Light-by-Light Contribution to Muon g-2 in Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Improved ${\alpha }^4$ Term of the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment
• Perturbative and nonperturbative renormalization of anomalous quark triangles
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• Analytical on-shell QED results: 3-loop vacuum polarization, 4-loop beta-function and the muon anomaly
• Asymptotics of Feynman Diagrams and The Mellin-Barnes Representation
• Theoretical Expectations for the Muon's Electric Dipole Moment
• Automated Calculation Scheme for alpha^n Contributions of QED to Lepton g-2: Generating Renormalized Amplitudes for Diagrams without Lepton Loops
• Super-conservative interpretation of muon g-2 results applied to supersymmetry
• The role of sigma(e+e- -> hadrons) in precision tests of the Standard Model
• Analytic Approaches to Kaon Physics
• The Measurement of the Muon's Anomalous Magnetic Moment Isn't
• A new ring structure for muon (g-2) measurements
• Large-Nc QCD and Low Energy Interactions

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