Efficient Peltier refrigeration by a pair of normal metal/ insulator/superconductor junctions

Abstract

We suggest and demonstrate in experiment that two normal metal /insulator/ superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions combined in series to form a symmetric SINIS structure can operate as an efficient Peltier refrigerator. Specifically, it is shown that the SINIS structure with normal-state junction resistances 1.0 and 1.1 k$\Omega$ is capable of reaching a temperature of about 100 mK starting from 300 mK. We estimate the corresponding cooling power to be 1.5 pW per total junction area of 0.8 $\mu$m${}^2$ at $T=300$ mK.

7 pages, revtex, 3 figures by fax/conventional mail upon request

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