Experimental measurement of an effective temperature for jammed granular materials

Abstract

A densely packed granular system is an example of an out-of-equilibrium system in the jammed state. It has been a longstanding problem to determine whether this class of systems can be described by concepts arising from equilibrium statistical mechanics, such as an ``effective temperature'' and ``compactivity''. The measurement of the effective temperature is realized in the laboratory by slowly shearing a closely-packed ensemble of spherical beads confined by an external pressure in a Couette geometry. All the probe particles considered in this study, independent of their characteristic features, equilibrate at the same temperature, given by the packing density of the system.

22 pages, 7 figures, more informations at http://www.jamlab.org

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• Effective Temperature in an Interacting, Externally Driven, Vertex System: Theory and Experiment on Artificial Spin Ice
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• The Effective Temperature Concept Tested in an Active Colloid Mixture
• Two-temperature continuum thermomechanics of deforming amorphous solids
• Fluctuation-dissipation theorem in an aging colloidal glass
• Dynamic particle tracking reveals the aging temperature of a colloidal glass
• On the existence of stationary states during granular compaction
• Turning intractable counting into sampling: computing the configurational entropy of three-dimensional jammed packings
• Cages and anomalous diffusion in vibrated dense granular media
• Effective temperatures and activated dynamics for a two-dimensional air-driven granular system on two approaches to jamming
• Shear-induced anisotropic decay of correlations in hard-sphere colloidal glasses
• Particle dynamics and effective temperature of jammed granular matter in a slowly sheared 3D Couette cell
• Realization of nonequilibrium thermodynamic processes using external colored noise
• X-ray tomography investigation of cyclically sheared granular materials
• A review on shear jamming
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• The spontaneous emergence of ordered phases in crumpled sheets
• Edwards thermodynamics of the jamming transition for frictionless packings: ergodicity test and role of angoricity and compactivity
• Effective temperatures from the fluctuation-dissipation measurements in soft glassy materials
• Geometrical families of mechanically stable granular packings
• Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system
• The partition of energy for air-fluidized grains
• Energy distributions and effective temperatures in the packing of elastic sheets
• Effective Temperature Dynamics in an Athermal Amorphous Plasticity Theory
• Equivalence of fluctuation-dissipation and Edwards' temperature in cyclically sheared granular systems
• Differences in cell death and division rules can alter tissue rigidity and fluidization
• Ratio of effective temperature to pressure controls the mobility of sheared hard spheres
• Equilibrium-like behavior in far-from-equilibrium chemical reaction networks
• Effective temperatures in a simple model of non-equilibrium, non-Markovian dynamics
• Effective temperatures for single particle system under dichotomous noise
• Asymmetric and Long Range Interactions in Shaken Granular Media
• Asymmetric response of a jammed plastic bead raft
• Experimental and computational studies of jamming
• Air fluidized balls in a background of smaller beads
• Coordinate transformation methodology for simulating quasi-static elastoplastic solids
• Defining Temperatures of Granular Powders Analogously with Thermodynamics to Understand the Jamming Phenomena
• Statistical physics of frictional grains: some simple applications of Edwards statistics