Energy Conditions and Cosmic Acceleration

Abstract

In general relativity, the energy conditions are invoked to restrict general energy-momentum tensors $T_{\mu \nu }$ in different frameworks, and to derive general results that hold in a variety of general contexts on physical grounds. We show that in the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) approach, where the equation of state of the cosmological fluid is unknown, the energy conditions provide model-independent bounds on the behavior of the distance modulus of cosmic sources as a function of the redshift for any spatial curvature. We use the most recent type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations, which include the new Hubble Space Telescope SNe Ia events, to carry out a model-independent analysis of the energy conditions violation in the context of the standard cosmology. We show that both the null (NEC), weak (WEC) and dominant (DEC) conditions, which are associated with the existence of the so-called phantom fields, seem to have been violated only recently ($z\lesssim 0.2$), whereas the condition for attractive gravity, i.e., the strong energy condition (SEC) was firstly violated billions of years ago, at $z\gtrsim 1$.

6 pages, 3 figures. v2: References added, misprints corrected, published in Phys.Rev.D in the present form

References in corpus (24)

• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters
• Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z>1 From the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution
• A Phantom Menace? Cosmological consequences of a dark energy component with super-negative equation of state
• Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
• The Supernova Legacy Survey: Measurement of Omega_M, Omega_Lambda and w from the First Year Data Set
• Can the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w be less than -1?
• Is there Supernova Evidence for Dark Energy Metamorphosis ?
• Twilight for the energy conditions?
• You need not be afraid of phantom energy
• The Fate of Bound Systems in Phantom and Quintessence Cosmologies
• Energy conditions and galaxy formation
• Energy conditions in the epoch of galaxy formation
• Superquintessence
• General Relativistic Energy Conditions: The Hubble expansion in the epoch of galaxy formation
• Energy conditions and their cosmological implications
• Testing dark energy beyond the cosmological constant barrier
• Constraining f(R) theories with the energy conditions
• Constraining the dark energy with galaxy clusters X-ray data
• Exploring the Properties of Dark Energy Using Type Ia Supernovae and Other Datasets
• Non-minimal coupling, exponential potentials and the $w<-1$ regime of dark energy
• Energy Conditions and Supernovae Observations
• Testing for w<-1 in the Solar System
• Energy Conditions and Segre Classification of Phantom Fields
• Toward reconstruction of dynamics of the Universe from distant supernovae type Ia

Cited by in corpus (52)

• Energy conditions in f(R)-gravity
• Testing some f(R,T) gravity models from energy conditions
• Energy conditions in $f(R,G)$ gravity
• Energy Conditions in Modified $f(G)$ Gravity
• Energy conditions bounds on f(T) gravity
• Energy conditions in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Barotropic index w-singularities in cosmology
• Unraveling the effective fluid approach for $f(R)$ models in the subhorizon approximation
• Regular black holes in $f(R)$ gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• Charged Compact Stars in $f(\mathcal{G})$ Gravity
• Energy conditions in f(R) gravity and Brans-Dicke theories
• Energy conditions and current acceleration of the universe
• The evidence of cosmic acceleration and observational constraints
• The Weak Energy Condition and the Expansion History of the Universe
• Lookback time bounds from energy conditions
• How far is it to a sudden future singularity of pressure?
• Energy conditions constraints on a class of f(R)-gravity
• FLRW cosmological models with quark and strange quark matters in f(R,T) gravity
• Stellar Structures in $f(\mathcal{G})$ Gravity with Tolman-Kuchowicz Spacetime
• Energy Conditions in $f(G)$ Modified Gravity with Non-minimal Coupling to Matter
• Is the Hubble diagram of quasars in tension with concordance cosmology?
• Gödel-type universes in Palatini f(R) gravity
• Exploring scalar field dynamics with Gaussian processes
• How strong is the evidence for accelerated expansion?
• Direct evidence of acceleration from distance modulus redshift graph
• Energy conditions bounds and their confrontation with supernovae data
• Energy Conditions in Higher Derivative $f(R,\square R,T)$ Gravity
• Model- and calibration-independent test of cosmic acceleration
• Redshift drift as a model independent probe of dark energy
• Cosmodynamics: Energy conditions, Hubble bounds, density bounds, time and distance bounds
• Energy conditions bounds and supernovae data
• A Comprehensive Study of Massive Compact Star Admitting Conformal Motion Under Bardeen Geometry
• Expanding Universe: slowdown or speedup?
• Charged Compact Stars in Extended $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{G},\mathcal{T})$ Gravity
• Validity of energy conditions of matter in traversable wormholes under the $f(Q)$ modified gravity theory
• Renyi Holographic Dark Energy models in Teleparallel gravity
• Null tests with Gaussian Process
• Compact relativistic geometries in $f(R,G)$ gravity
• Analysis of the cosmological evolution parameters, energy conditions, and linear matter perturbations of an exponential-type model in $f(Q)$ gravity
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• $\kappa (R,T)$ gravity
• Cosmological constant constraints from observation-derived energy condition bounds and their application to bimetric massive gravity
• Reconstruction of energy conditions from observations and implications for extended theories of gravity
• Energy Conditions in Extended $f(R,G,T)$ Gravity
• Energy Conditions in $f(P)$ Gravity
• Wald Entropy in Extended Modified Myrzakulov Gravity Theories: \(f(R, T, Q, R_{μν}T^{μν}, R_{μν}Q^{μν}, \dots)\)
• Cosmic acceleration and the Hubble tension from baryon acoustic oscillation data
• The energy conditions and model selection in the local Universe
• Cylindrically Symmetric Scalar Field and its Lyapunov stability in General Relativity
• Energy conditions and entropy density of the universe
• Crunching, Bouncing, and Cyclical Cosmologies from Dark Sector Interactions