Proper-motion binaries in the Hipparcos Catalogue. Comparison with radial velocity data

Abstract

The comparison of the proper motions constructed from positions spanning a short (Hipparcos) or long time (Tycho-2) makes it possible to uncover binaries with periods of the order of or somewhat larger than the short time span, since the unrecognised orbital motion will then add to the proper motion. A list of candidate proper motion binaries is constructed from a chi^2 test evaluating the statistical significance of the difference between the Tycho-2 and Hipparcos proper motions for 103134 stars in common between the two catalogues (excluding components of visual systems). The paper focuses on the evaluation of the detection efficiency of proper-motion binaries, using different kinds of control data (mostly radial velocities). The detection rate for entries from the Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (SB9) is evaluated, as well as for stars like barium stars, which are known to be all binaries. Proper motion binaries are efficiently detected for systems with parallaxes in excess of ca. 20 mas, and periods in the range 1000 - 30000 d. The shortest periods in this range (1000 - 2000 d) may appear only as DMSA/G binaries (accelerated proper motion in the Hipparcos Double and Multiple System Annex). Proper motion binaries detected among SB9 systems having periods shorter than about 400 d hint at triple systems. A list of 19 candidate triple systems is provided. Binaries suspected of having low-mass (brown-dwarf-like) companions are listed as well. Among the 37 barium stars with parallaxes larger than 5 mas, only 7 exhibit no evidence for duplicity whatsoever (be it spectroscopic or astrometric). Finally, the fraction of proper-motion binaries shows no significant variation among the various (regular) spectral classes, when due account is taken for the detection biases.

18 pages, 11 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press. Also available at http://www.astro.ulb.ac.be/Html/ps.html#Astrometry . Source files include Table 2, which will be available in electronic format at CDS

References in corpus (17)

• The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood: Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14,000 F and G dwarfs
• SB9: The Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits
• Local kinematics of K and M giants from Coravel/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
• Stellar Companions to Stars with Planets
• Statistical properties of exoplanets III. Planet properties and stellar multiplicity
• The Primordial Binary Population - I: A near-infrared adaptive optics search for close visual companions to A star members of Scorpius OB2
• Ten Low Mass Companions from the Keck Precision Velocity Survey
• Reprocessing the Hipparcos data for evolved stars III Revised Hipparcos period-luminosity relationship for galactic long-period variable stars
• Re-processing the Hipparcos Transit Data and Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. I. Ba, CH and Tc-poor S stars
• Astrometric orbits of SB9 stars
• A CORAVEL radial-velocity monitoring of giant Ba and S stars: spectroscopic orbits and intrinsic variations
• Extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around A-F type stars. II. A planet found with ELODIE around the F6V star HD 33564
• How many Hipparcos Variability-Induced Movers are genuine binaries?
• On metal-deficient barium stars and their link with yellow symbiotic stars
• Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries: II. Systems with a giant component
• Astrometric and Light-travel Time Orbits to Detect Low-mass Companions: A Case Study of the Eclipsing System R Canis Majoris
• Hipparcos red stars in the HpV_{T2} and VI_C systems

Cited by in corpus (53)

• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2 - Binarity from proper motion anomaly
• Gaia Data Release 3: Stellar multiplicity, a teaser for the hidden treasure
• Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3 -- Proper motion anomaly and resolved common proper motion pairs
• Speckle interferometry and orbits of "fast" visual binaries
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. The Outer Architecture of M Dwarf Planetary Systems
• From binaries to multiples I: Data on F and G dwarfs within 67 pc of the Sun
• A far-infrared survey of bow shocks and detached shells around AGB stars and red supergiants
• The Solar Neighborhood XLV. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs Within 25 pc
• A deep all-sky census of the Hyades
• Lucky Imaging survey for southern M dwarf binaries
• Structure and evolution of debris disks around F-type stars: I. Observations, database and basic evolutionary aspects
• On the photometric detection of Internal Gravity Waves in upper main-sequence stars I. Methodology and application to CoRoT targets
• Solar-like oscillations with low amplitude in the CoRoT target HD 181906
• Where are all the Sirius-Like Binary Systems?
• Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2 - I. Binarity from proper motion anomaly
• Accurate fundamental parameters of CoRoT asteroseismic targets: the solar-like stars HD 49933, HD 175726, HD 181420 and HD 181906
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: double, triple and quadruple-line spectroscopic binary candidates
• The origin of RXJ1856.5-3754 and RXJ0720.4-3125 -- updated using new parallax measurements
• Magnetic OB[A] Stars with TESS: probing their Evolutionary and Rotational properties (MOBSTER) - I. First-light observations of known magnetic B and A stars
• Stellar Multiplicity and Debris Disks: An Unbiased Sample
• Towards a complete stellar mass function of the Hyades. I. Pan-STARRS1 optical observations of the low-mass stellar content
• Planets around stars in young nearby associations *** radial Velocity searches: a feasibility study, and first results
• Extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around AF-type stars. IX. The HARPS southern sample
• True masses of the long-period companions to HD 92987 and HD 221420 from Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry
• Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c
• The infrared colors of the Sun
• A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions
• Deep infrared imaging of close companions to austral A- and F-type stars
• Extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around AF-type stars. X.The SOPHIE northern sample. Combining the SOPHIE and HARPS surveys to compute the close giant planet mass-period distribution around AF-type stars
• Abundance analysis of prime B-type targets for asteroseismology II. B6--B9.5 stars in the field of view of the CoRoT
• Ultraviolet emission from main-sequence companions of AGB stars
• Spectroscopic binaries among Hipparcos M giants I. Data, orbits, and intrinsic variations
• SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars. III. Complete Sample and Statistical Analysis
• 870 um observations of evolved stars with LABOCA
• The wavelength dependence of interstellar polarization in the Local Hot Bubble
• Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. II. 92 main sequence stars from the Exozodi survey
• The VLTI/MIDI view on the inner mass loss of evolved stars from the Herschel MESS sample
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Spectroscopic orbits of nine M-dwarf multiple systems, including two triples, two brown dwarf candidates, and one close M-dwarf-white dwarf binary
• A New Method for Target Selection in Direct Imaging Programs with COPAINS
• The close circumstellar environment of the semi-regular S-type star Pi^1 Gruis
• Quest for finding the lost siblings of the Sun
• Li-rich K giants, dust excess, and binarity
• Nearby Young, Active, Late-type Dwarfs in Gaia's First Data Release
• Combining Hipparcos and Gaia data for the study of binaries: the BINARYS tool
• Dynamical parallax, physical parameters and evolutionary status of the components of the bright eclipsing binary α Draconis
• A Crystallizing White Dwarf in a Sirius-Like Quadruple System
• Overlooked wide companions of nearby F stars
• New binaries in the epsilon Cha association
• First Lunar Occultation Results from the 2.4 m Thai National Telescope equipped with ULTRASPEC
• Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars -- IV. Selection of new benchmark stars and first results for HD 22064
• Spectroscopic binaries among Hipparcos M giants II. Binary frequency
• CoronaGraph Instrument Reference stars for Exoplanets (CorGI-REx) I. Preliminary Vetting and Implications for the Roman Coronagraph and Habitable Worlds Observatory