Intertwined Charge and Spin Density Waves in Trilayer Nickelate La${}_4$Ni${}_3$O${}_{10}$ Revealed by ${}^{139}$La NQR

Abstract

The discovery of superconducting transitions in pressurized La${}_3$Ni${}_2$O${}_7$ and La${}_4$Ni${}_3$O${}_{10}$ has highlighted the pivotal role of density wave (DW) orders in nickelate superconductors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the superconducting state, it is essential to elucidate the nature of the DW order. In this study, we utilized ${}^{139}$La nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) to investigate the charge density wave (CDW) and spin density wave (SDW) orders in both single-crystal and polycrystalline La${}_4$Ni${}_3$O${}_{10}$. Near $T_{\mathrm{DW}}\approx 133$ K, an abrupt change in both the linewidth and frequency of the La(2) site in the single-crystal sample provides compelling evidence for a first-order-like phase transition. The pronounced broadening of the NQR lines indicates the incommensurate nature of the DW order. Furthermore, the spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature 1/$T_1$$T$ exhibits a strong enhancement at $T_{\mathrm{DW}}$, indicating the strong spin fluctuations above the first-order DW transition. These observations suggest an intricate interplay between incommensurate CDW and SDW orders. Our findings offer critical insights into the microscopic mechanisms of the DW state in La${}_4$Ni${}_3$O${}_{10}$ and establish an essential framework for exploring the interplay between DW and superconducting phases in nickelate superconductors.

18 pages, 5 figures

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