Detections of Compact Radio Continuum toward Methanol Maser Rings Using the VLA

Abstract

High-mass protostars are deeply embedded in dust inside their natal cores and are not easily detectable. However, maser emission at centimeter wavelengths, owing to its high brightness, enables us to study gas kinematics in protostars' circumstellar regions. We aim to understand the origin of the ring-like structures outlined by the 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission in six high-mass young stellar objects by performing a sensitive search of the associated radio-continuum emission and derive its properties. We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in the A configuration at C and K bands in order to image radio-continuum as well as 6.7 GHz methanol and 22 GHz water maser emission. We present the first images of the thermal jets towards four targets in our sample, G23.389+00.185, G23.657-00.127, G28.817+00.365, and G30.400-00.296. In a further target, G23.207-00.377, the complex K band continuum emission makes it unclear whether the detected peaks trace jet knots from a single young protostar or mark multiple compact young protostars. The remaining source G31.047+00.356 shows radio continuum emission associated with an evolved H II region.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (25)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Trigonometric Parallaxes Of High-Mass Star Forming Regions: Our View Of The Milky Way
• Hi-GAL, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey: photometric maps and compact source catalogues. First data release for Inner Milky Way: +68°> l > -70°
• Radio Jets from Young Stellar Objects
• Confirmation of the exclusive association between 6.7-GHz methanol masers and high-mass star formation regions
• The diversity of methanol maser morphologies from VLBI observations
• VLBI study of maser kinematics in high-mass SFRs. I. G16.59-0.05
• On the Relationship of UC H II Regions and Class II Methanol Masers: I. Source Catalogs
• VLBI study of maser kinematics in high-mass SFRs. II. G23.01-0.41
• Weak and Compact Radio Emission in Early High-Mass Star Forming Regions: I. VLA Observations
• Monitoring observations of 6.7 GHz methanol masers
• The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657-00.127
• A multi-transition molecular line study of candidate massive young stellar objects associated with methanol masers
• Investigating high-mass star formation through maser surveys
• Ring shaped 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission around a young high-mass star
• Velocity and magnetic fields within 1000 AU from a massive YSO
• Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS). I. Radio thermal jets at high resolution nearby H${}_2$O maser sources
• European VLBI Network imaging of 6.7 GHz methanol masers
• A Galactic survey of radio jets from massive protostars
• 6.7GHz Methanol Maser Associated Outflows: An evolutionary sequence
• VLA observations of water masers towards 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources
• A multi-transition methanol maser study of the accretion burst source G358.93-0.03-MM1
• Testing the Hypothesis that Methanol Maser Rings Trace Circumstellar Disks: High Resolution Near-IR and Mid-IR Imaging
• The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657$-$00.127. II. Expansion of the maser structure
• Proper motion study of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser rings. I. A sample of sources with little variation