Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction

Abstract

Multiqubit gates that involve three or more qubits are usually thought to be of little significance for fault-tolerant quantum error correction because single gate faults can lead to errors of high Pauli weight. However, recent works have shown that multiqubit gates can be beneficial for measurement-free fault-tolerant quantum error correction and for fault-tolerant stabilizer readout in unrotated surface codes. In this work, we investigate multiqubit Rydberg gates that are useful for fault-tolerant quantum error correction in single-species neutral-atom platforms and can be implemented with global laser pulses that do not individually address atomic sites. We develop an open-source Python package to generate analytical, few-parameter pulses that implement the desired gates while minimizing gate errors due to Rydberg-state decay. The tool also allows us to identify parameter-optimal pulses, characterized by a minimal parameter count for the pulse ansatz. Measurement-free quantum error correction protocols require CCZ gates, which we analyze for atoms arranged in symmetric and asymmetric configurations. We investigate the performance of these schemes for various single-, two-, and three-qubit gate error rates, showing that break-even performance of measurement-free QEC is within reach of current hardware. Moreover, we study Floquet quantum error correction protocols that comprise two-body stabilizer measurements. Those can be realized using global three-qubit gates, and we show that this can lead to a significant reduction in shuttling operations. Simulations with realistic circuit-level noise indicate that applying three-qubit gates for stabilizer measurements in Floquet codes can yield competitive logical qubit performance in experimentally relevant error regimes.

27 pages, 18 figures

References in corpus (58)

• Quantum information with Rydberg atoms
• Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays
• Quantum computing with atomic qubits and Rydberg interactions: Progress and challenges
• Parallel implementation of high-fidelity multi-qubit gates with neutral atoms
• High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer
• Quantum computing with neutral atoms
• Operator Quantum Error Correcting Subsystems for Self-Correcting Quantum Memories
• Optimal control technique for Many Body Quantum Systems dynamics
• Chopped random-basis quantum optimization
• Stim: a fast stabilizer circuit simulator
• Quantum simulation and computing with Rydberg-interacting qubits
• Mesoscopic Rydberg Gate based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
• High-fidelity gates with mid-circuit erasure conversion in a metastable neutral atom qubit
• Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays
• Subsystem fault tolerance with the Bacon-Shor code
• Dynamically Generated Logical Qubits
• One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis
• Sparse Blossom: correcting a million errors per core second with minimum-weight matching
• Multi-qubit gates and Schrödinger cat states in an optical clock
• Mid-circuit cavity measurement in a neutral atom array
• High-fidelity three-qubit iToffoli gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
• Fast multi-qubit gates by adiabatic evolution in interacting excited state manifolds
• A Fault-Tolerant Honeycomb Memory
• Mid-circuit qubit measurement and rearrangement in a ${}^{171}$Yb atomic array
• Mid-circuit measurements on a single species neutral alkali atom quantum processor
• High threshold codes for neutral atom qubits with biased erasure errors
• Benchmarking and fidelity response theory of high-fidelity Rydberg entangling gates
• Floquet codes without parent subsystem codes
• Anyon condensation and the color code
• Asymmetric blockade and multi-qubit gates via dipole-dipole interactions
• Demonstration of a Quantum Gate using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
• Optimizing Rydberg Gates for Logical Qubit Performance
• Boundaries for the Honeycomb Code
• Experimental Demonstration of Logical Magic State Distillation
• Repetitive readout and real-time control of nuclear spin qubits in ${}^{171}$Yb atoms
• Architectural mechanisms of a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer
• Performance of planar Floquet codes with Majorana-based qubits
• Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system
• Improved error thresholds for measurement-free error correction
• A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout
• Quantum optimization via four-body Rydberg gates
• Measurement-free fault-tolerant quantum error correction in near-term devices
• Benchmarking the Planar Honeycomb Code
• On fault-tolerance with noisy and slow measurements
• Constructions and performance of hyperbolic and semi-hyperbolic Floquet codes
• Engineering 3D Floquet codes by rewinding
• Quantum computation from dynamic automorphism codes
• Fault-tolerant measurement-free quantum error correction with multi-qubit gates
• Optimized measurement-free and fault-tolerant quantum error correction for neutral atoms
• Single-Step Parity Check Gate Set for Quantum Error Correction
• Designing fault-tolerant circuits using detector error models
• Fault-tolerant hyperbolic Floquet quantum error correcting codes
• XYZ ruby code: Making a case for a three-colored graphical calculus for quantum error correction in spacetime
• Fault-Tolerant Stabilizer Measurements in Surface Codes with Three-Qubit Gates
• Microsecond-scale high-survival and number-resolved detection of ytterbium atom arrays
• Low-depth quantum error correction via three-qubit gates in Rydberg atom arrays
• Multi-Qubit Parity Gates for Rydberg Atoms in Various Configurations
• Measurement-free quantum error correction optimized for biased noise