A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout

Abstract

Quantum computers must achieve large-scale, fault-tolerant operation to deliver on their promise of transformational processing power [1-4]. This will require thousands or millions of high-fidelity quantum gates and similar numbers of qubits [5]. Demonstrations using neutral-atom qubits trapped and manipulated by lasers have shown that this modality can provide high two-qubit gate (CZ) fidelities and scalable operation [6-13]. However, the gates in these demonstrations are driven by lasers that do not resolve individual qubits, with universal computation enabled by physical mid-circuit shuttling of the qubits. This relatively slow operation may greatly extend runtimes for useful, large-scale computation. Here we demonstrate a universal neutral-atom quantum computer with gate rates limited by optical switching times, rather than shuttling, by individually addressing tightly focused laser beams at an array of single atoms. We achieve CZ fidelity of 99.35(4)% and local single-qubit RZ gate fidelity of 99.902(8)%. Moreover, we demonstrate non-destructive readout of alkali-atom qubits with 0.9(3)% loss, which boosts operational speed. This technique also enables us to measure a state-of-the-art CZ fidelity of 99.73(3)% when excluding atom-loss events, which may be mitigated through erasure conversion. Our results represent a critical step towards large-scale, fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computers that can execute computations on practical timescales.

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• Logical qubits with erasure conversion using metastable neutral atoms
• Spin-glass quantum phase transition in amorphous arrays of Rydberg atoms
• Universal gates for a metastable qubit in strontium-88
• Generation of Motional Squeezed States for Neutral Atoms in Optical Tweezers
• Extended Rydberg Lifetimes in a Cryogenic Atom Array
• Mode multiplexing for scalable cavity-enhanced operations in neutral-atom arrays
• Model-Based Real-Time Synthesis of Acousto-Optically Generated Laser-Beam Patterns and Tweezer Arrays
• Quantum science with arrays of metastable helium-3 atoms
• Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction
• Exploration of Design Alternatives for Reducing Idle Time in Shor's Algorithm: A Study on Monolithic and Distributed Quantum Systems
• Quantum Internet: Resource Estimation for Entanglement Routing
• Laser cooling and qubit measurements on a forbidden transition in neutral Cs atoms
• Autonomously Designed Pulses for Precise, Site-Selective Control of Atomic Qubits
• Pontryagin Maximum Principle for Rydberg-blockaded state-to-state transfers: A semi-analytic approach
• Fast collisional $\sqrt{\mathrm{SWAP}}$ gate for fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice
• High-efficiency loading of 2,400 Ytterbium atoms in optical tweezer arrays
• $\Lambda$-Enhanced Gray Molasses Cooling of ${}^{85}$Rb Atoms in Tweezers Using the D${}_2$ Line
• All-to-all connectivity of Rydberg-atom-based quantum processors with messenger qubits
• Practical Quantum Reservoir Computing in Rydberg Atom Arrays
• Universal quantum computation via scalable measurement-free error correction
• Astigmatism-free 3D Optical Tweezer Control for Rapid Atom Rearrangement
• Suppressing crosstalk for Rydberg quantum gates