Quantum Internet: Resource Estimation for Entanglement Routing
arXiv:2410.10512 · doi:10.1103/vf4x-rjsd
Abstract
Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources required to do so were thus far underestimated. Here, we investigate the dependence of resource scaling of networks on realistic experimental errors. Using a nested repeater protocol based on the purification protocol by Bennett et. al., we provide an analytical approximation of the polynomial degree of the resources consumed by entanglement routing. Our error model predicts substantially stricter thresholds for efficient network operation than previously suggested, requiring two-qubit gate errors below 1.3% for resource scaling with polynomial degree below 10. The analytical model presented here provides insight into the reason why previous experimental implementations of quantum repeaters failed to scale efficiently and inform the development of truly scalable systems, highlighting the need for high-fidelity local two-qubit gates. We employ our analytical approximation of the scaling exponent as a figure of merit to compare different platforms and find that trapped ions and color centers in diamond currently provide the best route towards large-scale networks.
37 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
References in corpus (38)
- Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing
- General Benchmarks for Quantum Repeaters
- Fundamental Limits of Repeaterless Quantum Communications
- Quantum Computing with Very Noisy Devices
- An Elementary Quantum Network of Single Atoms in Optical Cavities
- Quantum repeaters based on entanglement purification
- Realization of a multi-node quantum network of remote solid-state qubits
- Remote quantum entanglement between two micromechanical oscillators
- Experimental demonstration of memory-enhanced quantum communication
- New material platform for superconducting transmon qubits with coherence times exceeding 0.3 milliseconds
- Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network
- High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer
- Efficient long distance quantum communication
- Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node
- A 10-qubit solid-state spin register with quantum memory up to one minute
- Entanglement Distillation between Solid-State Quantum Network Nodes
- Functional Quantum Nodes for Entanglement Distribution over Scalable Quantum Networks
- Qubit teleportation between non-neighboring nodes in a quantum network
- Fault-tolerant Quantum Communication with Minimal Physical Requirements
- Semiconductor Qubits In Practice
- Entanglement purification and quantum error correction
- Single ion-qubit exceeding one hour coherence time
- Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes in a Telecom Network
- High-fidelity, high-scalability two-qubit gate scheme for superconducting qubits
- Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection
- One-way quantum repeater based on near-deterministic photon-emitter interfaces
- Assembly and coherent control of a register of nuclear spin qubits
- On the waiting time in quantum repeaters with probabilistic entanglement swapping
- Rate analysis for a hybrid quantum repeater
- On the role of memory errors in quantum repeaters
- Robust Quantum Memory in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Network Node
- Disentangling Losses in Tantalum Superconducting Circuits
- High-fidelity single-shot readout of single electron spin in diamond with spin-to-charge conversion
- A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout
- Efficient computation of the waiting time and fidelity in quantum repeater chains
- Improved analytical bounds on delivery times of long-distance entanglement
- Fast photon-mediated entanglement of continuously-cooled trapped ions for quantum networking
- Experimental realization of robust dynamical decoupling with bounded controls in a solid-state spin system