Solar Interior

Abstract

This chapter introduces the reader to the solar interior, in particular the convection zone. The first section explores the solar cycle and the dynamo models that have been studied to explain this cycle. The second section explores helioseismology observations and analysis of the solar interior, and reviews the fundamental knowledge that has been gained from these studies. The third and final section reviews observations and theory of magnetic fields emerging from the convection zone into the solar corona.

References in corpus (69)

• The Solar Cycle
• Global-Scale Turbulent Convection and Magnetic Dynamo Action in the Solar Envelope
• Helioseismology and Solar Abundances
• Radiative MHD simulation of sunspot structure
• Solar Interior Rotation and its Variation
• Predicting solar cycle 24 with a solar dynamo model
• Helioseismological Implications of Recent Solar Abundance Determinations
• Detection of Equatorward Meridional Flow and Evidence of Double-Cell Meridional Circulation inside the Sun
• A new correction of stellar oscillation frequencies for near-surface effects
• Persistent Magnetic Wreaths in a Rapidly Rotating Sun
• Full--Sphere Simulations of a Circulation--Dominated Solar Dynamo: Exploring the Parity Issue
• Dynamo Action in the Solar Convection Zone and Tachocline: Pumping and Organization of Toroidal Fields
• From solar-like to anti-solar differential rotation in cool stars
• Exploring the Physical Basis of Solar Cycle Predictions: Flux Transport Dynamics and Persistence of Memory in Advection versus Diffusion Dominated Solar Convection Zones
• Penumbral structure and outflows in simulated sunspots
• Bipolar Magnetic Regions on the Sun: Global Analysis of the SOHO/MDI Data Set
• Solar surface emerging flux regions: a comparative study of radiative MHD modeling and Hinode SOT observations
• Magnetic flux emergence in granular convection: Radiative MHD simulations and observational signatures
• Fresh insights on the structure of the solar core
• Twisted flux tube emergence from the convection zone to the corona
• Eruption of magnetic flux ropes during flux emergence
• Grand Minima and Equatorward Propagation in a Cycling Stellar Convective Dynamo
• Penumbral fine structure and driving mechanisms of large-scale flows in simulated sunspots
• Towards A Mean-Field Formulation Of The Babcock-Leighton Type Solar Dynamo. I. Alpha Coefficient Versus Durney's Double Ring Approach
• Global helioseismic evidence for a deeply penetrating Solar meridional flow consisting of multiple flow cells
• Systematic Center-to-Limb Variation in Measured Helioseismic Travel Times and Its Effect on Inferences of Solar Interior Meridional Flows
• Emergence of a flux tube through a partially ionised solar atmosphere
• Parity properties of an advection-dominated solar $α^2\Om$-dynamo
• The subsurface radial gradient of solar angular velocity from MDI f-mode observations
• The Counter-kink Rotation of a Non-Hale Active Region
• A study of possible temporal and latitudinal variations in the properties of the solar tachocline
• Solar Flux Emergence Simulations
• Three dimensional non-linear evolution of a magnetic flux tube in a spherical shell: Influence of turbulent convection and associated mean flows
• Magnetic Twist and Writhe of Active Regions: On the Origin of Deformed Flux Tubes
• Temporal variations of solar rotation rate at high latitudes
• A note on the torsional oscillation at solar minimum
• A 3D Babcock-Leighton Solar Dynamo Model
• A three-dimensional study of reconnection, current sheets and jets resulting from magnetic flux emergence in the Sun
• The Hanle and Zeeman Effects in Solar Spicules: A Novel Diagnostic Window on Chromospheric Magnetism
• Comparing Simulations of Rising Flux Tubes Through the Solar Convection Zone with Observations of Solar Active Regions: Constraining the Dynamo Field Strength
• Solar-cycle variation of the sound-speed asphericity from GONG and MDI data 1995-2000
• Mean--field electrodynamics: Critical analysis of various analytical approaches to the mean electromotive force
• Ring diagram analysis of the characteristics of solar oscillation modes in active regions
• Helioseismic data inclusion in solar dynamo models
• Solar Cycle Related Changes at the Base of the Convection Zone
• The radial gradient of the near-surface shear layer of the Sun
• Global Dynamics of Subsurface Solar Active Regions
• Formation of a Flare-Productive Active Region: Observation and Numerical Simulation of NOAA AR 11158
• Depth-dependent global properties of a sunspot observed by Hinode using the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectropolarimeter
• Meridional Flow in the Solar Convection Zone I: Measurements from GONG Data
• On the emergence of toroidal flux tubes: general dynamics and comparisons with the cylinder model
• A low upper limit on the subsurface rise speed of solar active regions
• Kinematic solar dynamo models with a deep meridional flow
• Tilt of sunspot bipoles in Solar Cycles 15 to 24
• The Role of Partial Ionization Effects in the Chromosphere
• Numerical Experiments on the Two-step Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Tubes in the Sun
• Statistical Study on the Nature of Solar Flux Emergence
• Revisiting the solar tachocline: Average properties and temporal variations
• Two-step Emergence of the Magnetic Flux Sheet from the Solar Convection Zone
• Solar meridional circulation from twenty-one years of SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI observations: Helioseismic travel times and forward modeling in the ray approximation
• An Upper Limit on the Temporal Variations of the Solar Interior Stratification
• The naked emergence of solar active regions observed with SDO/HMI
• Testing the Accuracy of Data Driven MHD Simulations of Active Region Evolution
• Ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation in a Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo model: an observation system simulation experiment for reconstructing meridional flow-speed
• 3-D non-linear evolution of a magnetic flux tube in a spherical shell: the isentropic case
• Interactions of twisted $\Omega$-loops in a model solar convection zone
• Evaluating potential for data assimilation in a flux-transport dynamo model by assessing sensitivity and response to meridional flow variation
• Flux-loss of buoyant ropes interacting with convective flows
• Evolution of the Magnetic Field Distribution of Active Regions