Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter

Abstract

We have studied the effect of dynamical radiation in the interacting barrow holographic dark energy model for a non-flat universe. For both open and closed universes, we have obtained the evolution equation for the energy density parameters for dark energy, dark matter and radiation for four different kinds of interaction among the seven possible linear phenomenological interactions. We have then numerically solved those coupled differential equations to show their behaviour with the redshift parameter. Also, the dynamics of the dark energy equation of state parameter with redshift for different interaction models are shown. For all four interaction models, it is also found that for higher values of the Barrow exponent, the dark energy equation of state parameter shows a transition into the phantom region from the quintessence region in the early time, that is, for lower redshift values. We have also found different epochs corresponding to dark energy-dark matter, dark energy-radiation and dark matter-radiation crossings. These crossing points are also consistent with the thermal history of the universe. We have also obtained various observational constraints for different cosmological parameters for our interacting Barrow holographic dark matter model using the Cosmic chronometer, Baryon Acoustic Oscillator and Pantheon+ data sets. The constraint values of the Hubble parameter in our cosmological shows higher values compared to the $\Lambda$CDM model, therefore indicating towards a possible resolution to the Hubble tension problem.

50 pages, 40 figures, Updated version, comments are welcome

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