DESI results: Hint towards coupled dark matter and dark energy

Abstract

We investigate a scenario where a dark energy quintessence field $\varphi$ with positive kinetic energy is coupled with dark matter. With two different self-interaction potentials for the field and a particular choice of the coupling function, we show explicitly how the observable effective equation of state parameter $w_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for the dark energy field crosses the phantom barrier ($w_{\mathrm{eff}}=-1$) while keeping the equation of state of the quintessence field $w_{\varphi }>-1$. With appropriate choices of parameters, $w_{\mathrm{eff}}$ crosses the phantom divide around redshift $z\sim 0.5$, transitioning from $w_{\mathrm{eff}}<-1$ in the past to $w_{\mathrm{eff}}>-1$ today. This explains DESI observations well. Our analysis reveals that the model remains consistent within the $2\sigma$ confidence intervals provided by DESI for several combinations of the scalar field parameters, highlighting its potential in explaining the dynamics of dark energy arising from a simple Yukawa-type long-range interaction in the dark sector. While the current findings offer a promising framework for interpreting DESI observations, future work, including a comprehensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, is necessary to constrain the parameter space further and strengthen the statistical significance of the results.

17 pages, 4 figures. References updated. Plots corrected (typo in code fixed), but conclusions remain unchanged. Accepted for publication in JCAP

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• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• One-loop power spectrum corrections in interacting dark energy cosmologies
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• Unified dark fluid with null sound speed as an alternative to phantom dark energy
• Realizing the phantom-divide crossing with vector and scalar fields
• A short review on Quintom dark energy theory
• Solar System Experiments in the Search for Dark Energy and Dark Matter
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• Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
• Accelerated expansion of the universe purely driven by scalar field fluctuations