The Quasar Feedback Survey: zooming into the origin of radio emission with e-MERLIN

Abstract

We present 6 GHz e-MERLIN observations of 42 $z<0.2$ type 1 and type 2 mostly radio-quiet quasars ($L_{[\mathrm{OIII}]}\gtrsim 10^{42}$ erg s${}^{-1}$; $L_{\mathrm{AGN}}\gtrsim 10^{45}$ erg s${}^{-1}$) from the Quasar Feedback Survey. The nature and origin of radio emission in these types of sources is typically ambiguous based on all-sky, low-resolution surveys. With e-MERLIN, we investigate radio emission on sub-kiloparsec scales ($\sim$10s-100s pc). We find 37/42 quasars are detected, with a diversity of radio morphologies, including compact cores, knots and extended jet-like structures, with sizes of 30-540 pc. Based on morphology and brightness temperature, we classify 76 per cent of the quasars as radio-AGN, compared to the $\sim$57 per cent identified as radio-AGN at the $\sim$1-60 kpc scales probed in prior studies. Combining results from e-MERLIN and the Very Large Array, 86 per cent reveal a radio-AGN. On average, $\sim$60 per cent of the total radio flux is resolved away in the e-MERLIN maps, and is likely dominated by jet-driven lobes and outflow-driven shocks. We find no significant differences in measured radio properties between type 1 and type 2 quasars, and estimate sub-relativistic jet speeds of $\sim$0.2-0.3c and modest jet powers of $P_{\mathrm{jet}}\approx \times$10${}^{43}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ for the few targets, where these measurements were possible. These quasars share characteristics with compact radio-selected populations, and the global radio emission likely traces strong interactions between the AGN (jets/outflows) and their host galaxy ISM from 10s parsec to 10s kiloparsec scales.

arXiv comment18 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (116)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Galaxy formation in the Planck Cosmology - I. Matching the observed evolution of star formation rates, colours and stellar masses
• Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population
• Cosmological simulations of black hole growth: AGN luminosities and downsizing
• The role of black holes in galaxy formation and evolution
• The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation
• An Accurate Flux Density Scale from 50 MHz to 50 GHz
• Quasar feedback and the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars
• Narrow-line region gas kinematics of 24,264 optically-selected AGN: the radio connection
• Radio galaxies and feedback from AGN jets
• Relativistic jet feedback III: feedback on gas disks
• Compact steep-spectrum and peaked-spectrum radio sources
• Measuring the kinetic power of AGN in the radio mode
• On the origin of radio emission in radio quiet quasars
• Discovery of extreme [OIII]5007A outflows in high-redshift red quasars
• Relativistic jet feedback in high-redshift galaxies I: Dynamics
• Revisiting the Fanaroff-Riley dichotomy and radio-galaxy morphology with the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS)
• The Dynamic Evolution of Young Extragalactic Radio Sources
• The LoTSS view of radio AGN in the local Universe. The most massive galaxies are always switched on
• Radio Jets Clearing the Way Through a Galaxy: Watching Feedback in Action
• A Compton-thick Wind in the High Luminosity Quasar, PDS 456
• The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream
• Radio Loud and Radio Quiet Active Galactic Nuclei
• Prevalence of radio jets associated with galactic outflows and feedback from quasars
• Radio-loud AGN in the first LoTSS data release: The lifetimes and environmental impact of jet-driven sources
• A pilot study of the radio-emitting AGN population: the emerging new class of FR0 radio-galaxies
• Radio AGN in the local universe: unification, triggering and evolution
• Jet acceleration of the fast molecular outflows in the Seyfert galaxy IC5063
• Radio Loud and Radio Quiet Quasars
• Observational Signatures of Galactic Winds Powered by Active Galactic Nuclei
• MAGNUM survey: Compact jets causing large turmoil in galaxies -- Enhanced line widths perpendicular to radio jets as tracers of jet-ISM interaction
• High-resolution radio observations of Seyfert galaxies in the extended 12-micron sample - I. The observations
• VLBA Imaging of Central Engines in Radio Quiet Quasars
• The radio properties of radio-quiet quasars
• The radio properties of radio-quiet quasars
• AGN and Starburst Radio Emission from Optically Selected QSOs
• The radio structure of radio-quiet quasars
• The Two-Component Radio Luminosity Function of QSOs: Star Formation and AGN
• Candidate Type II Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: II. From Radio to X-Rays
• Relativistic jet feedback II: Relationship to gigahertz peak spectrum and compact steep spectrum radio galaxies
• The Role of Black Hole Feedback on Size and Structural Evolution in Massive Galaxies
• LeMMINGs. I. The eMERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. 1.5-GHz parsec-scale radio structures and cores
• On the deceleration of FRI jets: mass loading by stellar-winds
• Radio structures of the nuclei of nearby Seyfert galaxies and the nature of the missing diffuse emission
• Bubbles and outflows: the novel JWST/NIRSpec view of the z=1.59 obscured quasar XID2028
• Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics
• The triggering mechanism and properties of ionized outflows in the nearest obscured quasars
• Observing positive and negative AGN feedback
• Quasar Feedback Survey: Multi-phase outflows, turbulence and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disk
• AGN-driven outflows and the AGN feedback efficiency in young radio galaxies
• Jet collimation in NGC 315 and other nearby AGN
• A census of ionized gas outflows in type 1 AGNs: gas outflows in AGNs. V
• Winds as the origin of radio emission in $z=2.5$ radio-quiet extremely red quasars
• High-resolution VLA observations of FR0 radio galaxies: properties and nature of compact radio sources
• High molecular gas content and star formation rates in local galaxies that host quasars, outflows and jets
• Accretion mode versus radio morphology in the LOFAR Deep Fields
• Evidence that the AGN dominates the radio emission in z ~ 1 radio-quiet quasars
• The Quasar Feedback Survey: Discovering hidden Radio-AGN and their connection to the host galaxy ionised gas
• An outflow perpendicular to the radio jet in the Seyfert nucleus of NGC5929
• Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy. A powerful ionised galactic outflow, jet-ISM interaction, and evidence for AGN-triggered star formation in a giant bubble
• The mm-wave compact component of AGN
• Unveiling the origin of the radio emission in radio-quiet quasars
• Unveiling the cause of hybrid morphology radio sources (HyMoRS)
• High-resolution radio observations of Seyfert galaxies in the extended 12-micron sample - II. The properties of compact radio components
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XV: The High Frequency Radio Cores of Ultra-hard X-ray Selected AGN
• Impact of relativistic jets on the star formation rate: a turbulence-regulated framework
• Questions and challenges of what powers galactic outflows in active galactic nuclei
• Jet-cloud collisions in the jet of the Seyfert galaxy NGC3079
• Optical Nuclei of Radio-loud AGN and the Fanaroff-Riley Divide
• Jet-driven galaxy-scale gas outflows in the hyper-luminous quasar 3C273
• LeMMINGs. II. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. The deepest radio view of the Palomar sample on parsec scale
• Simulations of AGN Driven Galactic Outflow Morphology and Content
• Storm in a Teacup: X-ray view of an obscured quasar and superbubble
• Identifying active galactic nuclei via brightness temperature with sub-arcsecond International LOFAR Telescope observations
• The e-MERLIN Galaxy Evolution Survey (e-MERGE): Overview and Survey Description
• Revolutionizing Our Understanding of AGN Feedback and its Importance to Galaxy Evolution in the Era of the Next Generation Very Large Array
• Probing the origin of low-frequency radio emission in PG quasars with the uGMRT -- I
• Numerical calculations of spectral turnover and Synchrotron Self Absorption in CSS and GPS radio sources
• A population of galaxy-scale jets discovered using LOFAR
• The WISE-2MASS Survey: Red Quasars Into the Radio Quiet Regime
• Jets in radio galaxies and quasars: an observational perspective
• The LOFAR view of FR0 radio galaxies
• Feedback and ionized gas outflows in four low-radio power AGN at z $\sim$0.15
• The new class of FR0 radio galaxies
• LeMMINGs. III. The e-MERLIN Legacy Survey of the Palomar sample. Exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O III] -- radio connection
• Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red and blue quasars: kiloparsec-scale structures revealed by e-MERLIN
• A Study of Outflows in Luminous Quasars at Redshift $\sim 0.4-0.8$
• The obstructed jet in Mrk 231
• The radio emission in radio-quiet quasars: the VLBA perspective
• The Quasar Feedback Survey: Revealing the Interplay of Jets, Winds & Emission Line Gas in Type 2 Quasars with Radio Polarization
• The evolution of extragalactic radio sources
• The Nuclear Outflow in NGC 2110
• Dependence of the Radio Emission on the Eddington Ratio of Radio-Quiet Quasars
• No Small Scale Radio Jets Here: Multi-Epoch Observations of Radio Continuum Structures in NGC 1068 with the VLBA
• On the diversity of the jet production efficiency in Swift/BAT AGNs
• From radio-quiet to radio-silent: low luminosity Seyfert radio cores
• Looking for Signatures of AGN Feedback in Radio-Quiet AGN
• Jets in FR0 radio galaxies
• Dust beyond the torus: Revealing the mid-infrared heart of local Seyfert ESO 428-G14 with JWST/MIRI
• A deep 1.4 GHz survey of the J1030 equatorial field: a new window on radio source populations across cosmic time
• High-redshift obscured quasars: radio emission at sub-kiloparsec scales
• The radio properties of HERGs with intermediate radio powers
• SPARCS-North Wide-field VLBI Survey: Exploring the resolved MicroJy extra-galactic radio source population with EVN+e-MERLIN
• How does the radio enhancement of broad absorption line quasars relate to colour and accretion rate?
• Search for hybrid morphology radio galaxies from FIRST survey at 1400 MHz
• Kpc-scale Radio Structure in $z\sim 0.25$ Radio-Quiet QSOs
• The Host Galaxies of Hybrid Morphology Radio Sources
• VLA Snapshot Continuum Survey of FRI Quasar Candidates Selected from the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS)
• Connecting the radio AGN life cycle to feedback: Ionised gas is more disturbed in young radio AGN
• A dichotomy in the 1-24 GHz parsec-scale radio spectra of radio-quiet quasars

Cited by in corpus (4)

• JWST MIRI reveals the diversity of nuclear mid-infrared spectra of nearby type-2 quasars
• Jet-Feedback on kpc scales: a review
• Extended coronal line emission and new clues to a possible dual AGN in the merger J1356+1026
• Time-domain Radio-loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Intermittency, Memory, and Jet Escape