LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run

Abstract

Progress in gravitational-wave astronomy depends upon having sensitive detectors with good data quality. Since the end of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third Observing run in March 2020, detector-characterization efforts have lead to increased sensitivity of the detectors, swifter validation of gravitational-wave candidates and improved tools used for data-quality products. In this article, we discuss these efforts in detail and their impact on our ability to detect and study gravitational-waves. These include the multiple instrumental investigations that led to reduction in transient noise, along with the work to improve software tools used to examine the detectors data-quality. We end with a brief discussion on the role and requirements of detector characterization as the sensitivity of our detectors further improves in the future Observing runs.

35 pages, 18 figures

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• Challenges and Opportunities of Gravitational Wave Searches above 10 kHz
• GW241011 and GW241110: Exploring Binary Formation and Fundamental Physics with Asymmetric, High-Spin Black Hole Coalescence
• The MBTA Pipeline for Detecting Compact Binary Coalescences in the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run
• Evidence of the pair instability gap from black hole masses
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• Scalable data-analysis framework for long-duration gravitational waves from compact binaries using short Fourier transforms
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• Joint inference for gravitational wave signals and glitches using a data-informed glitch model
• A Broker Integrated Algorithm for Gravitational Wave - Electromagnetic Counterpart Searches in O4a and O4b Runs
• Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses
• Inferring the spins of merging black holes in the presence of data-quality issues
• Glitches far from transient gravitational-wave events do not bias inference
• Using t-SNE for characterizing glitches in LIGO detectors
• Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Supernova Remnants in the first part of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Fourth Observing run
• Measurement prospects for the pair-instability mass cutoff with gravitational waves
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• Machine Learning Confirms GW231123 is a "Lite" Intermediate Mass Black Hole Merger
• Model-agnostic search of gravitational wave echoes in LVK data
• Search for planetary-mass ultra-compact binaries using data from the first part of the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA fourth observing run
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• Persistence of post-Newtonian amplitude structure in binary black hole mergers
• MaxWave: Rapid maximum likelihood wavelet reconstruction of non-Gaussian features in gravitational wave data
• Extending Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Sensitivity to 5 Hz