Perpendicular-anisotropy artificial spin ice with spontaneous ordering: a platform for neuromorphic computing with flexible timescales
arXiv:2408.12182 · doi:10.1038/s44172-025-00499-y
Abstract
Arrays of coupled nanomagnets have wide-ranging fundamental and practical applications in artificial spin ices, neuromorphic computing and spintronics. However, lacking in these fields are nanomagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with sufficient magnetostatic interaction. This would not only open up new possibilities for artificial spin ice geometries but also enable novel coupling methods for applications. Here we demonstrate a method to engineer the energy landscape of artificial spin lattices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. With this, we are able to realize for the first time magnetostatically-coupled 2D lattices of out-of-plane Ising spins that spontaneously order at room temperature on timescales that can be precisely engineered. We show how this property, together with straightforward electrical interfacing, make this system a promising platform for reservoir computing. Our results open the way to investigate the thermodynamics of out-of-plane magnetostatically coupled nanomagnet arrays with novel spin ice geometries, as well as to exploit such nanomagnet arrays in unconventional computing, taking advantage of the adjustable temporal dynamics and strong coupling between nanomagnets.
References in corpus (27)
- Ising formulations of many NP problems
- Recent Advances in Physical Reservoir Computing: A Review
- Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
- Vowel recognition with four coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators
- Colloquium: Artificial spin ice: Designing and imaging magnetic frustration
- Experimental realization of a 2D fractional quantum spin liquid
- Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in an artificial realization of the square ice model
- Reconfigurable Training and Reservoir Computing in an Artificial Spin-Vortex Ice via Spin-Wave Fingerprinting
- Energy landscape analysis of neuroimaging data
- Unhappy Vertices in Artificial Spin Ice: Degeneracy from Vertex-Frustration
- Simple universal models capture all classical spin physics
- Reducing Disorder in Artificial Kagome Ice
- Engineering Relaxation Pathways in Building Blocks of Artificial Spin Ice for Computation
- Perpendicular Magnetization and Generic Realization of the Ising Model in Artificial Spin Ice
- Completeness of the classical 2D Ising model and universal quantum computation
- Toward an Ising Model of Cancer and Beyond
- Continuous magnetic phase transition in artificial square ice
- Reservoir computing with dipole-coupled nanomagnets
- Topological aspects of symmetry breaking in triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnets
- Encoding Universal Computation in the Ground States of Ising Lattices
- Passive frustrated nanomagnet reservoir computing
- Field-tunable interactions and frustration in underlayer-mediated artificial spin ice
- Characterization of switching field distributions in Ising-like magnetic arrays
- An algorithmic proof for the completeness of two-dimensional Ising model
- Imaging the stochastic microstructure and dynamic development of correlations in perpendicular artificial spin ice
- Translationally invariant universal classical Hamiltonians
- The design, verification, and applications of Hotspice: a Monte Carlo simulator for artificial spin ice