paper

Null Infinity and Horizons: A New Approach to Fluxes and Charges

arXiv:2407.03254 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.044049

Abstract

We introduce a Hamiltonian framework tailored to degrees of freedom (DOF) of field theories that reside in suitable 3-dimensional open regions, and then apply it to the gravitational DOF of general relativity. Specifically, these DOF now refer to open regions of null infinity, and of black hole (and cosmological) horizons representing equilibrium situations. At null infinity the new Hamiltonian framework yields the well-known BMS fluxes and charges. By contrast, all fluxes vanish identically at black hole (and cosmological) horizons just as one would physically expect. In a companion paper we showed that, somewhat surprisingly, the geometry and symmetries of these two physical configurations descend from a common framework. This paper reinforces that theme: Very different physics emerges in the two cases from a common Hamiltonian framework because of the difference in the nature of degrees of freedom. Finally, we compare and contrast this Hamiltonian approach with those available in the literature.

arXiv comment35 pages. At referee's suggestion version 1 of arXiv:2402.17977 was split into two papers. This paper contains slightly expanded versions of the material that was in sections IV and V and Appendix A and B of that submission. Both papers are at press at Phy. Rev. D

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