Distributed Quantum Computing across an Optical Network Link

Abstract

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) combines the computing power of multiple networked quantum processing modules, enabling the execution of large quantum circuits without compromising on performance and connectivity. Photonic networks are well-suited as a versatile and reconfigurable interconnect layer for DQC; remote entanglement shared between matter qubits across the network enables all-to-all logical connectivity via quantum gate teleportation (QGT). For a scalable DQC architecture, the QGT implementation must be deterministic and repeatable; until now, there has been no demonstration satisfying these requirements. We experimentally demonstrate the distribution of quantum computations between two photonically interconnected trapped-ion modules. The modules are separated by $\sim$ 2 m, and each contains dedicated network and circuit qubits. By using heralded remote entanglement between the network qubits, we deterministically teleport a controlled-Z gate between two circuit qubits in separate modules, achieving 86% fidelity. We then execute Grover's search algorithm - the first implementation of a distributed quantum algorithm comprising multiple non-local two-qubit gates - and measure a 71% success rate. Furthermore, we implement distributed iSWAP and SWAP circuits, compiled with 2 and 3 instances of QGT, respectively, demonstrating the ability to distribute arbitrary two-qubit operations. As photons can be interfaced with a variety of systems, this technique has applications extending beyond trapped-ion quantum computers, providing a viable pathway towards large-scale quantum computing for a range of physical platforms.

16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (48)

• Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer
• Quantum secret sharing
• Quantum Teleportation is a Universal Computational Primitive
• Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing: Progress and Challenges
• Demonstration of Two-Qubit Algorithms with a Superconducting Quantum Processor
• Quantum computation over continuous variables
• An Elementary Quantum Network of Single Atoms in Optical Cavities
• High-fidelity quantum logic gates using trapped-ion hyperfine qubits
• High-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gates using trapped calcium-43 ions
• A quantum network of clocks
• A simple formula for the average gate fidelity of a quantum dynamical operation
• Large Scale Modular Quantum Computer Architecture with Atomic Memory and Photonic Interconnects
• Distributed Quantum Computation over Noisy Channels
• Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum-CCD computer architecture
• Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network
• High-Fidelity Universal Gate Set for ${}^9$Be${}^{+}$ Ion Qubits
• Quantum teleportation in high dimensions
• Optimal local implementation of non-local quantum gates
• The Future of Quantum Computing with Superconducting Qubits
• Distributed Quantum Computation Based-on Small Quantum Registers
• High-rate, high-fidelity entanglement of qubits across an elementary quantum network
• Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes in a Telecom Network
• A universal quantum circuit for two-qubit transformations with three CNOT gates
• Robust dynamical decoupling for quantum computing and quantum memory
• Deterministic teleportation of a quantum gate between two logical qubits
• Characterizing large-scale quantum computers via cycle benchmarking
• Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre
• A Quantum-Logic Gate between Distant Quantum-Network Modules
• Diluted maximum-likelihood algorithm for quantum tomography
• Implementation of Grover's Quantum Search Algorithm in a Scalable System
• Experimental Teleportation of a Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate
• High-fidelity laser-free universal control of two trapped ion qubits
• High-Fidelity Bell-State Preparation with ${}^{40}$Ca${}^{+}$ Optical Qubits
• Quantum gate teleportation between separated qubits in a trapped-ion processor
• High-fidelity trapped-ion quantum logic using near-field microwaves
• The non-local content of quantum operations
• Entanglement purification for Quantum Computation
• Efficient Long-Range Entanglement using Dynamic Circuits
• Continuous-variable gate teleportation and bosonic-code error correction
• Robust Quantum Memory in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Network Node
• A heralded quantum gate between remote quantum memories
• Teleportation-based realization of an optical quantum two-qubit entangling gate
• A high-fidelity quantum matter-link between ion-trap microchip modules
• Benchmarking a high-fidelity mixed-species entangling gate
• Minimally complex ion traps as modules for quantum communication and computing
• Robust and fast microwave-driven quantum logic for trapped-ion qubits
• Integrated photonic structures for photon-mediated entanglement of trapped ions
• Efficient Generation of Multi-partite Entanglement between Non-local Superconducting Qubits using Classical Feedback

Cited by in corpus (57)

• Universal distributed blind quantum computing with solid-state qubits
• Continuous variable quantum communication with 40 pairs of entangled sideband
• A Multilevel Framework for Partitioning Quantum Circuits
• High-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gates in a trapped-ion chain using axial motional modes
• Repeater-Based Quantum Communication Protocol: Maximizing Teleportation Fidelity with Minimal Entanglement
• Fast mixed-species quantum logic gates for trapped-ion quantum networks
• Taming Recoil Effect in Cavity-Assisted Quantum Interconnects
• Modular Architectures and Entanglement Schemes for Error-Corrected Distributed Quantum Computation
• Entanglement-Efficient Distribution of Quantum Circuits over Large-Scale Quantum Networks
• Fidelity-Aware Multipath Routing for Multipartite State Distribution in Quantum Networks
• Satellites promise global-scale quantum networks
• Volcano Architecture for Scalable Quantum Processor Units
• Distributed multi-parameter quantum metrology with a superconducting quantum network
• A Review of Software for Designing and Operating Quantum Networks
• Mitigation of birefringence in cavity-based quantum networks using frequency-encoded photons
• A Quantum Algorithm for the Classification of Patterns of Boolean Functions
• Optimized noise-resilient surface code teleportation interfaces
• Spectral stability of cavity-enhanced single-photon emitters in silicon
• The simulation of distributed quantum algorithms
• Practical implementation of arbitrary nonlocal controlled-unitary gate via indefinite causal order
• High-speed and high-connectivity two-qubit gates in long chains of trapped ions
• Mode multiplexing for scalable cavity-enhanced operations in neutral-atom arrays
• Scalable low-latency entanglement distribution for distributed quantum computing
• A novel $2$ \& $3$ player scheme for Quantum Direct Communication
• Scalable Quantum Computational Science: A Perspective from Block-Encodings and Polynomial Transformations
• Space-time tradeoff in networked virtual distillation
• Probabilistic Links Between Quantum Classification of Patterns of Boolean Functions and Hamming Distance
• Quantum Shadows: The Dining Information Brokers
• Cavity polariton blockade for non-local entangling gates with trapped atoms
• Advancements in Entangled Photon Pairs in 2D Van der Waals Materials for On-chip Quantum Applications
• A dataflow programming framework for linear optical distributed quantum computing
• Entanglement boosting: Low-volume logical Bell pair preparation for distributed fault-tolerant quantum computation
• Wavelength-Dependent Electrical Readout of Spin Ensembles in a Thin-Film SiC-on-Insulator Platform
• Experimental Quantum Channel Purification
• Addressing requirements for crosstalk-free quantum-gate operation in many-body nanofiber cavity QED systems
• Error-Resilient Fast Entangling Gates for Scalable Ion-Trap Quantum Processors
• Quantum Perspective on Digital Money: Towards a Quantum-Powered Financial System
• Kilometer-Scale Ion-Photon Entanglement with a Metastable ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ Qubit
• Tunable Hybrid-Mode Coupler Enabling Strong Interactions between Transmons at Centimeter-Scale Distance
• Efficient and high-fidelity entanglement in cavity QED without high cooperativity
• Scalable and modular generation of multipartite entangled states through memory-enhanced fusion
• Exploration of Design Alternatives for Reducing Idle Time in Shor's Algorithm: A Study on Monolithic and Distributed Quantum Systems
• Honest-binding quantum bit commitment from separable operations
• Global-scale quantum networking using hybrid-channel quantum repeaters with relays based on a chain of balloons
• Linear optical fan-out gates using fewer ancillary single photons with enhanced success probability
• Quantum dual extended Hamming code immune to collective coherent errors
• Passive quantum interconnects: multiplexed remote entanglement generation with cavity-assisted photon scattering
• Photonic quantum information with time-bins: Principles and applications
• Noncooperative Quantum Networks
• Quantum router of silicon-vacancy centers via a diamond waveguide
• Multiplexed ion-ion entanglement over $1.2$ kilometer fibers
• Teleportation via spin-1/2 chain in solid-state quantum architecture
• Efficient simulation of noisy entanglement generation
• Distributed variational quantum computing with deterministic entanglement tuning
• Distributed Exact Generalized Grover's Algorithm
• Theory of Symmetry-Protected Two-Photon Coherence
• The QTF-Backbone: Proposal for a Nationwide Optical Fibre Backbone in Germany for Quantum Technology and Time and Frequency Metrology