The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. IV. The impact of stellar feedback, mergers, and black holes on the cold ISM in simulated galaxies

Abstract

Removing cold interstellar medium (ISM) from a galaxy is central to quenching star formation. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unclear. The objective of this work is to find the mechanism responsible for dust and gas removal in simulated early-type galaxies (ETGs). A statistically significant sample of massive (M_*>$10^{10}$M${}_{\odot }$), simulated ETG in a redshift range of 0.02--0.32 is studied in the context of its ISM properties. In particular, we investigate the cold dust and gas removal timescales, the cold gas inflows, and their relation with black hole (BH) mass. We also investigate the evolution of galaxies in the dust vs. star formation rate (SFR) plane and the influence of merger events. We find agreement with previous observational works considering the timescales of dust and HI removal from ETGs. When considering the dust-to-stellar mass ratio as a function of time in simulations, we recovered a similar decline as in the observational sample as a function of stellar age, validating its use for timing the ISM decline. Moreover, we recover the observed relation between dust mass and SFR for actively star-forming galaxies as well as for passive ETGs. We also show that starburst galaxies form their own sequence on the dust vs. SFR plot in a form $\log (M_{\mathrm{dust},\mathrm{SB}})=0.913\times \log (\mathrm{SFR})+6.533$ with $2\sigma$ scatter of 0.32. Finally, we find that type II supernova reverse shocks dominate the dust destruction at the early stages of ETG evolution, while at later times stellar feedback becomes more important. We show that merger events lead to morphological transformations by increasing the bulge-to-total stellar mass ratio followed by an increase in BH masses. The BH feedback resulting from radio mode accretion prevents the hot halo gas from cooling, indirectly leading to a decrease in the SFR.

15 pages, 12 figures, accepted in A&A

References in corpus (24)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• Strangulation as the primary mechanism for shutting down star formation in galaxies
• The Atomic to Molecular Transition in Galaxies. II: HI and H_2 Column Densities
• L-GALAXIES 2020: Spatially resolved cold gas phases, star formation and chemical enrichment in galactic discs
• Dust production 680-850 million years after the Big Bang
• Dust production scenarios in galaxies at z ~ 6-8.3
• Knocking on giants' doors: I. The evolution of the dust-to-stellar mass ratio in distant dusty galaxies
• Two-size approximation: a simple way of treating the evolution of grain size distribution in galaxies
• The Interstellar Medium of Quiescent Galaxies and its Evolution With Time
• Dust evolution in zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• High Molecular-Gas to Dust Mass Ratios Predicted in Most Quiescent Galaxies
• The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. I. First direct measurement of the timescale of dust removal
• VINTERGATAN IV: Cosmic phases of star formation in Milky Way-like galaxies
• Dust evolution with MUPPI in cosmological volumes
• The $z\lesssim 1$ drop of cosmic dust abundance in a semi-analytic framework
• The OTELO survey as a morphological probe. Last ten Gyr of galaxy evolution. The mass--size relation up to z=2
• The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. III. The mechanism of ISM removal and quenching of star formation
• The OTELO survey: Nature and mass-metallicity relation for H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 0.4$
• The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. II. Observational Evidence for Morphological Quenching
• Tracing the evolutionary pathways of dust and cold gas in high-z quiescent galaxies with SIMBA
• Main Sequence to Starburst Transitioning Galaxies: Gamma-ray Burst Hosts at $z\sim 2$

Cited by in corpus (4)

• A${}^3$COSMOS: The dust content of massive quiescent galaxies and its evolution with cosmic time
• Dust sub-millimetre emission in green valley galaxies
• Evolution of the star formation rate surface density main sequence. Insights from a semi-analytic simulation since $z=12$
• Dust removal timescale in galaxies across cosmic time