Altermagnetism: Exploring New Frontiers in Magnetism and Spintronics

Abstract

Recent developments have introduced a groundbreaking form of collinear magnetism known as "altermagnetism". This emerging magnetic phase is characterized by robust time-reversal symmetry breaking, antiparallel magnetic order, and alternating spin-splitting band structures, yet it exhibits vanishing net magnetization constrained by symmetry. Altermagnetism uniquely integrates traits previously considered mutually exclusive to conventional collinear ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, thereby facilitating phenomena and functionalities previously not achievable within these traditional categories of magnetism. Initially proposed theoretically, the existence of the altermagnetic phase has since been corroborated by a range of experimental studies, which have confirmed its unique properties and potential for applications. This review explores the rapidly expanding research on altermagnets, emphasizing the novel physical phenomena they manifest, methodologies for inducing altermagnetism, and promising altermagnetic materials. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of altermagnetism and to inspire further innovative studies on altermagnetic materials which could potentially revolutionize applications in technology and materials science.

Submitted to Adv. Funct. Mater

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• Spin-split collinear antiferromagnets: a large-scale ab-initio study
• Topological transition from nodal to nodeless Zeeman splitting in altermagnets
• Magnetically driven metal-insulator transition in NaOsO3
• Perovskite as a spin current generator
• k=0 magnetic structure and absence of ferroelectricity in SmFeO3
• Gate tunable giant anisotropic resistance in ultra-thin GaTe
• Anomalous Hall effect in $\kappa$-type organic antiferromagnets
• Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Antiferromagnetism
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• Two-dimensional altermagnets from high throughput computational screening: symmetry requirements, chiral magnons and spin-orbit effects
• Fragility of the magnetic order in the prototypical altermagnet RuO${}_2$
• Spin-order dependent anomalous Hall effect and magneto-optical effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets Mn${}_{3}X$N ($X$ = Ga, Zn, Ag, and Ni)
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• Spontaneous Formation of Altermagnetism from Orbital Ordering
• Neutron diffraction study of YVO3, NdVO3, and TbVO3
• Anisotropy of the anomalous Hall effect in the altermagnet candidate Mn${}_5$Si${}_3$ films
• Description of two-dimensional altermagnetism: Categorization using spin group theory
• Creation and Manipulation of Higher-Order Topological States by Altermagnets
• Room temperature two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CrO with giant spin-splitting and spin-momentum locked transport
• Crystal structure and high-field magnetism of La2CuO4
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• Origin of the Magnetic Spin Hall Effect: Spin Current Vorticity in the Fermi Sea
• Magnetic order and electronic structure of 5d3 double perovskite Sr2ScOsO6
• Superconductor-altermagnet memory functionality without stray fields
• Polar and antipolar polymorphs of metastable perovskite BiFe0.5Sc0.5O3
• Magnetic correlations of the quasi-one-dimensional half-integer spin-chain antiferromagnets Sr$M_2$V${}_2$O${}_8$ ($M$ = Co, Mn)
• Temperature Dependence of Relativistic Valence Band Splitting Induced by an Altermagnetic Phase Transition
• Strong influence of non-magnetic ligands on the momentum dependent spin splitting in antiferromagnets
• Interplay between altermagnetism and nonsymmorphic symmetries generating large anomalous Hall conductivity by semi-Dirac points induced anticrossings
• Anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic perovskites
• Ab-initio overestimation of the topological region in Eu-based compounds
• Orbital-selective altermagnetism and correlation-enhanced spin-splitting in transition metal oxides
• Canted antiferromagnetic order in the monoaxial chiral magnets V${}_{1/3}$TaS${}_2$ and V${}_{1/3}$NbS${}_2$
• Room temperature antiferromagnetic order in superconducting X_yFe_{2-x}Se_ 2, (X= Rb, K): a powder neutron diffraction study
• Wurtzite vs rock-salt MnSe epitaxy: electronic and altermagnetic properties
• Large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in both Nb${}_2$FeB${}_2$ and Ta${}_2$FeB${}_2$ with collinear antiferromagnetism
• Spin pumping in an altermagnet/normal metal bilayer
• Spin-Neutral Tunneling Anomalous Hall Effect
• X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism in RuO${}_2$
• Spin and Orbital Magnetism by Light in Rutile Altermagnets
• Ab initio prediction of anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic CaCrO${}_3$
• Magneto-optical Kerr effect and magnetoelasticity in weak ferromagnetic RuF${}_4$ monolayer
• Evolution of the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of the triple perovskite Ba${}_3$CoIr${}_2$O${}_9$
• Magnetic structure determination of Ca${}_3$LiOsO${}_6$ using neutron and x-ray scattering
• Interface-induced magnetization in altermagnets and antiferromagnets
• Interplay of spin-orbit coupling and hybridization in Ca3LiOsO6 and Ca3LiRuO6
• Charge and Entanglement Criticality in a U(1)-Symmetric Hybrid Circuit of Qubits
• Investigation of the magnetic ground state of the ordered double perovskite Sr2YbRuO6: a tale of two transitions
• A unique two-dimensional silver(II) antiferromagnet Cu[Ag(SO4)2] and perspectives for its further modifications

Cited by in corpus (144)

• Ferroelectric switchable altermagnetism
• Mirror Chern Bands and Weyl Nodal Loops in Altermagnets
• Robust magnetoelectric coupling in altermagnetic-ferroelectric type-III multiferroics
• Minimal Models and Transport Properties of Unconventional $p$-Wave Magnets
• Bilayer stacking A-type altermagnet: A general approach to generating two-dimensional altermagnetism
• Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric Altermagnets: From Model to Material Realization
• Superconducting phenomena in systems with unconventional magnets
• Spin-Polarized Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
• Observation of surface Fermi arcs in altermagnetic Weyl semimetal CrSb
• Josephson effect and odd-frequency pairing in superconducting junctions with unconventional magnets
• Coulomb Drag in Altermagnets
• Tunable second harmornic in altermagnetic Josephson junctions
• Quasiclassical theory of superconducting spin-splitter effects and spin-filtering via altermagnets
• Impurity-induced Friedel oscillations in altermagnets and $p$-wave magnets
• Catalogue of $C$-paired spin-momentum locking in antiferromagnetic systems
• Altermagnetism on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice
• Interplay of altermagnetism and pressure in hexagonal and orthorhombic MnTe
• Ruddlesden-Popper and perovskite phases as a material platform for altermagnetism
• Design of altermagnetic models from spin clusters
• Topological responses from gapped Weyl points in 2D altermagnets
• Anomalous Hall Effect in Type IV 2D Collinear Magnets
• Two-dimensional Dual-Switchable Ferroelectric Altermagnets: Altering Electrons and Magnons
• Spin Chern number in altermagnets
• Orientation-dependent transport in junctions formed by $d$-wave altermagnets and $d$-wave superconductors
• Contrasting Light-Induced Spin Torque in Antiferromagnetic and Altermagnetic Systems
• Emergent Multiferroic Altermagnets and Spin Control via Noncollinear Molecular Polarization
• Quasi-one-dimensional spin transport in altermagnetic $Z^3$ nodal net metals
• Tuning of altermagnetism by strain
• All-electrically controlled spintronics in altermagnetic heterostructures
• Quantum transport theory for unconventional magnets: Interplay of altermagnetism and p-wave magnetism with superconductivity
• Pushing an Altermagnet to the Ultimate 2D Limit: Evidence of Symmetry Breaking in Monolayers of GdAlSi
• Unconventional Spintronics from Chiral Perovskites
• Transverse Spin current at the normal/p-wave magnet junctions
• Hybrid d/p-wave altermagnetism in Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$ and strain-controlled spin splitting
• Anisotropic spin-polarized conductivity in collinear altermagnets
• Altermagnetic Instabilities from Quantum Geometry
• Dynamical Generation of Higher-order Spin-Orbit Couplings, Topology and Persistent Spin Texture in Light-Irradiated Altermagnets
• Strain controlled g- to d-wave transition in altermagnetic CrSb
• Spin and pair density waves in 2D altermagnetic metals
• Floquet engineering spin triplet states in unconventional magnets
• Origin of $A$-type antiferromagnetism and chiral split magnons in altermagnetic $\alpha$-MnTe
• The Fermi surface of RuO2 measured by quantum oscillations
• Field-sensitive dislocation bound states in two-dimensional $d$-wave altermagnets
• Sliding Ferroelectricity Induced and Switched Altermagnetism in GaSe-VPSe3-GaSe Sandwiched Heterostructure with Strong Magnetoelectric Effect
• Floating Edge Bands in the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model with Altermagnetism
• Ferroelasticity tunable altermagnets
• The electronic structures, magnetic transition and Fermi surface instability of room-temperature altermagnet KV${}_2$Se${}_2$O
• Multi-component altermagnet: A general approach to generating multi-component structures with two-dimensional altermagnetism
• Andreev bound states and supercurrent in an unconventional superconductor-altermagnetic Josephson junction
• Fingerprint of Non-Hermiticity in d-wave Altermagnet
• Light-induced Odd-parity Magnetism in Conventional Collinear Antiferromagnets
• Lithium and Vanadium Intercalation into Bilayer V2Se2O: Ferrimagnetic-Ferroelastic Multiferroics and Anomalous and Spin Transport
• Building unconventional magnetic phases on graphene by H atom manipulation: From altermagnets to Lieb ferrimagnets
• Model Hamiltonian for Altermagnetic Topological Insulators
• The fate of $p$-wave spin polarization in helimagnets with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• Altermagnetic Flatband-Driven Fermi Surface Geometry for Giant Tunneling Magnetoresistance
• Altermagnetism in Heavy Fermion Systems: Mean-Field study on Kondo Lattice
• Strain-induced nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin splitting effect
• Light-induced Floquet spin-triplet Cooper pairs in unconventional magnets
• Ferroelectric Antiferromagnetic Lifting of Spin-Valley Degeneracy
• Dimension- and Facet-Dependent Altermagnetic Biferroics and Ferromagnetic Biferroics and Triferroics in CrSb
• Direct ab initio calculation of magnons in altermagnets: method, spin-space symmetry aspects, and application to MnTe
• Two-Dimensional Altermagnetic Iron Oxyhalides: Real Chern Topology and Valley-Spin-Lattice Coupling
• Tunneling conductance in superconducting junctions with $p$-wave unconventional magnets breaking time-reversal symmetry
• Spin relaxation and transport behaviors in altermagnetic systems
• A large spin-splitting altermagnet designed from the hydroxylated MBene monolayer
• Persistent spin textures, altermagnetism and charge-to-spin conversion in metallic chiral crystals TM${}_3$X${}_6$
• Tunable altermagnetism via inter-chain engineering in parallelassembled atomic chains
• Higher-order Topological States in Chiral Split Magnons of Honeycomb Altermagnets
• Real Chern insulators in two-dimensional altermagnetic Fe${}_2$S${}_2$O and Fe${}_2$Se${}_2$O
• Designing Non-Relativistic Spin Splitting in Oxide Perovskites
• Quantum geometry and $X$-wave magnets with $X=p,d,f,g,i$
• A Theory of Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Altermagnets and Its Applications
• Antichiral surface states and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger physics in rutile altermagnets
• Ultrafast electron dynamics in altermagnetic materials
• Electric and spin current vortices in altermagnets
• Valley-dependent electronic properties in two-dimensional altermagnetic iron-based transition metal chalcogenides
• Exploration of Altermagnetism in $\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_2$
• Activation of anomalous Hall effect and orbital magnetization by domain walls in altermagnets
• Achieving Altermagnetism in Monolayer Holey Graphyne via Atomic Manipulation
• Unlocking Doping Effects on Altermagnetism in MnTe: Emergence of Quasi-altermagnetism
• Spin-Polarized Josephson Supercurrent in Nodeless Altermagnets
• Visualization of spin-splitter effect in altermagnets via non-equilibrium Green functions on a lattice
• Physical properties and first-principles calculations of an altermagnet candidate Cs${}_{1-\delta }$V${}_2$Te${}_2$O
• Altermagnetism, ARPES, symmetry, non-relativistic band splitting
• Revisiting the symmetry and optical phonons of altermagnetic $\alpha$-MnTe
• Discovery and Synthesis of a Family of Boride Altermagnets
• Electrical Control of the Exchange Bias Effect at Model Ferromagnet-Altermagnet Junctions
• TbPt6Al3: A rare-earth-based g-wave altermagnet with a honeycomb structure
• Altermagnetism and its induced higher-order topology on the Lieb lattice
• Impact of strong electronic correlations on altermagnets: the case of NiS2
• Engineering subgap states in superconductors by the symmetry of altermagnetism
• The odd-parity altermagnetism: A spin group study
• Zeeman-type spin splittings in strained d-wave altermagnets
• Approximate half-integer quantization in anomalous planar transport in $d$-wave altermagnets
• Odd-parity altermagnetism through sublattice currents: From Haldane-Hubbard model to general bipartite lattices
• $d$-Wave Polarization-Spin Locking in Two-Dimensional Altermagnets
• Magnetic-Field and Strain Engineering of Modulated Transverse Transport in Altermagnetic Topological Materials
• Viscoelastic tensor and hydrodynamics of altermagnets
• Dirac fermions in the altermagnet Ce4Sb3
• Rational Control of Magnonic and Electronic Band Splittings
• Spin-biased quantum spin Hall effect in altermagnetic Lieb lattice
• Quantum spin models of commensurate $p$-wave magnets
• Projectively implemented altermagnetism in an exactly solvable quantum spin liquid
• Fermi liquid theory of $d$-wave altermagnets: demon modes and Fano-demon states
• Marginal Metals and Kosterlitz-Thouless Type Phase Transition in Disordered Altermagnets
• Theory of bound magnetic polarons in cubic and uniaxial antiferromagnets
• Topological nontrivial berry phase in altermagnet CrSb
• Enhancement of Josephson Supercurrent in a $\pi$-Junction state by Chiral Antiferromagnetism
• Altermagnetic Metal-Organic Frameworks
• Fractional Quantum Multiferroics from Coupling of Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity and Altermagnetism
• Altermagnetism and Anomalous Transport in Ag${}^{2+}$ Fluorides: KAgF${}_3$ and K${}_2$AgF${}_4$
• Approaches to tunnel magnetoresistance effect with antiferromagnets
• A primer on Kitaev Model: Basic aspects, material realization, and recent experiments
• Anisotropic Band-Split Magnetism in Magnetostrictive CoFe${}_2$O${}_4$
• Non-Hermitian higher-order topological insulators enabled by altermagnet engineering
• Large ferromagnetic-like band splitting in ultrathin ${\mathrm{SmC}}_6$ films
• Effect of symmetry breaking on altermagnetism in CrSb and Formation of fragmented nodal curves
• Floquet-Engineered Chern Insulator in two-dimensional $d_{x^2-y^2}$-Wave Altermagnets
• Higher-order topological insulators in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic chromium-based group-IV chalcogenides
• Micromagnetic simulations for magnetic multipoles
• Electric-Field-induced Two-Dimensional Fully Compensated Ferrimagnetism and Emergent Transport Phenomena
• Optical signatures of bulk g-wave altermagnetism in MnTe
• Coexistence of d-Wave Altermagnetism and Topological States in Janus FeSeX (X = S, Te) Monolayers
• Spontaneous emergence of altermagnetism in the single-orbital extended Hubbard model
• Phonon-enhanced optical spin-conductivity and spin-splitter effect in altermagnets
• Spin-Valley Locking and Pure Spin-Triplet Superconductivity in Noncollinear Antiferromagnets Proximitized to Conventional Superconductors
• Quantum-impurity sensing of altermagnetic order
• Wurtzite MnSe as a barrier for CdSe quantum wells with built-in electric field
• Nonlinear opto-magnetic signature of d-wave altermagnets
• Spin triplet pairing by suppressing altermagnetism
• Pseudo-Goldstone mode in altermagnetic $\alpha$-MnTe: high-field electron spin resonance studies
• Anisotropic Strain Engineering in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaFeO3 Superlattice: Structural Relaxation and Domain Formation
• Interaction enhanced altermagnet in the Hatsugai-Kohmoto model
• D-Wave Phonon Angular Momentum Texture in Altermagnets by Magnon-Phonon Hybridization
• Quantum effects in the magnon spectrum of 2D altermagnets via continuous similarity transformations
• General spin models from noncollinear spin density functional theory and spin-cluster expansion
• Altermagnetism Induced Bogoliubov Fermi Surfaces Form Topological Superconductivity
• Competitive Orders in Altermagnetic Chiral Magnons
• Spin-Polarized Magnetic Metal Electrodes for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
• Time reversal reserved spin valve and spin transistor based on unconventional $p$-wave magnets
• Unconventional Spin Valve Based on Normal Metal/Chiral Molecule/Altermagnet Junctions
• Altermagnetism from the viewpoint of chemistry
• Perspectives on Magnetic/Superconductor Hybrid Systems: Long-range Electromagnetic Phenomena Induced by Proximity Effect and Interfacial Spin-orbit Coupling