Voltage-controlled synthesis of higher harmonics in hybrid Josephson junction circuits

Abstract

We report measurements of the current-phase relation of two voltage-controlled semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junctions (JJs) in series. The two hybrid junctions behave similar to a single-mode JJ with effective transparency determined by the ratio of Josephson coupling strengths of the two junctions. Gate-voltage control of Josephson coupling (measured from switching currents) allows tuning of the harmonic content from sinusoidal, for asymmetric tuning, to highly nonsinusoidal, for symmetric tuning. The experimentally observed tunable harmonic content agrees with a model based on two conventional (sinusoidal) JJs in series.

8 pages, 5+4 figures

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• Gate- and flux-tunable sin(2$\phi$) Josephson element with proximitized Ge-based junctions
• Cooper-pair splitters as circuit elements for realizing topological superconductors