Normalizing Flows for High-Dimensional Detector Simulations

Abstract

Whenever invertible generative networks are needed for LHC physics, normalizing flows show excellent performance. In this work, we investigate their performance for fast calorimeter shower simulations with increasing phase space dimension. We use fast and expressive coupling spline transformations applied to the CaloChallenge datasets. In addition to the base flow architecture we also employ a VAE to compress the dimensionality and train a generative network in the latent space. We evaluate our networks on several metrics, including high-level features, classifiers, and generation timing. Our findings demonstrate that invertible neural networks have competitive performance when compared to autoregressive flows, while being substantially faster during generation.

34 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables, journal version

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• CaloChallenge 2022: A Community Challenge for Fast Calorimeter Simulation
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• Observable Optimization for Precision Theory: Machine Learning Energy Correlators
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• CaloClouds3: Ultra-Fast Geometry-Independent Highly-Granular Calorimeter Simulation
• Ultra Fast Calorimeter Simulation with Generative Machine Learning on FPGAs