Baryon electric charge correlation as a magnetometer of QCD

Abstract

The correlation between net baryon number and electric charge, ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$, can serve as a magnetometer of QCD. This is demonstrated by lattice QCD computations using the highly improved staggered quarks with physical pion mass of $M_{\pi }=135$MeV on $N_{\tau }=8$ and 12 lattices. We find that ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$ along the transition line starts to increase rapidly with magnetic field strength $eB\gtrsim 2M_{\pi }^2$ and by a factor 2 at $eB\simeq 8M_{\pi }^2$. Furthermore, the ratio of electric charge chemical potential to baryon chemical potential, ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}/{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$, shows significant dependence on the magnetic field strength and varies from the ratio of electric charge to baryon number in the colliding nuclei in heavy ion collisions. These results can provide baselines for effective theory and model studies, and both ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$ and ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}/{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$ could be useful probes for the detection of magnetic fields in relativistic heavy ion collision experiments as compared with corresponding results from the hadron resonance gas model.

6 pages main text + 6 pages supplemental material, discussions added on the continuum estimate and extrapolation along with additional lattice QCD simulations on Nt=16 lattices, and the proxy of baryon electric charge correlation as well as the thermal fits to obtain the baryon and electric charge chemical potential

References in corpus (21)

• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Highly Improved Staggered Quarks on the Lattice, with Applications to Charm Physics
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• QCD Phase Transition in a Strong Magnetic Background
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• Additional Strange Hadrons from QCD Thermodynamics and Strangeness Freeze-out in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Chiral magnetic effect reveals the topology of gauge fields in heavy-ion collisions
• Magnetic field effects on the static quark potential at zero and finite temperature
• QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: An overview
• Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment
• Chiral properties of (2+1)-flavor QCD in strong magnetic fields at zero temperature
• Second order cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations revisited I. Vanishing chemical potentials
• Search for the QCD Critical Point in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Implications of the isobar run results for chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions
• Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in a background magnetic field
• Confining and chiral properties of QCD in extremely strong magnetic fields
• Dynamical magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• SIMULATeQCD: A simple multi-GPU lattice code for QCD calculations
• Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors
• Effects of finite volume and magnetic fields on thermodynamic properties of quark matter and fluctuations of conserved charges
• Deciphering the phases of QCD matter with fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Magnetic field effect on hadron yield ratios and fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas
• Chiral condensates and screening masses of neutral pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD at physical quark masses
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Steady electric currents in magnetized QCD and their use for the equation of state
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized three-flavor PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV