Quantization of Axion-Gauge Couplings and Non-Invertible Higher Symmetries

Abstract

We derive model-independent quantization conditions on the axion couplings (sometimes known as the anomaly coefficients) to the Standard Model gauge group $[SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1{)}_Y]/{\mathbb{Z}}_q$ with $q=1,2,3,6$. Using these quantization conditions, we prove that any QCD axion model to the right of the $E/N=8/3$ line on the $|g_{a\gamma \gamma }|$-$m_a$ plot must necessarily face the axion domain wall problem in a post-inflationary scenario. We further demonstrate the higher-group and non-invertible global symmetries in the Standard Model coupled to a single axion. These generalized global symmetries lead to universal bounds on the axion string tension and the monopole mass. If the axion were discovered in the future, our quantization conditions could be used to constrain the global form of the Standard Model gauge group.

arXiv comment23+16 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; v2: minor edits

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• Symmetry fractionalization and duality defects in Maxwell theory
• Catalogues of Cosmologically Self-Consistent Hadronic QCD Axion Models
• Impossible Symmetries and Conformal Gravity
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• Noninvertible Gauge Symmetry in (2+1)d Topological Orders: A String-Net Model Realization
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