Symmetries and Strings in Field Theory and Gravity

Abstract

We discuss aspects of global and gauged symmetries in quantum field theory and quantum gravity, focusing on discrete gauge symmetries. An effective Lagrangian description of ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$ gauge theories shows that they are associated with an emergent ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$ one-form (Kalb-Ramond) gauge symmetry. This understanding leads us to uncover new observables and new phenomena in nonlinear $\sigma$-models. It also allows us to expand on Polchinski's classification of cosmic strings. We argue that in models of quantum gravity, there are no global symmetries, all continuous gauge symmetries are compact, and all charges allowed by Dirac quantization are present in the spectrum. These conjectures are not new, but we present them from a streamlined and unified perspective. Finally, our discussion about string charges and symmetries leads to a more physical and more complete understanding of recently found consistency conditions of supergravity.

45 pages, minor changes

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• The Effective Theory of Shift-Symmetric Cosmologies
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• Gauge theories from principally extended disconnected gauge groups
• A Chern-Simons Pandemic
• Duality and Axionic Weak Gravity
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• Gauged 2-form Symmetries in 6D SCFTs Coupled to Gravity
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• Topological Model for Domain Walls in (Super-)Yang-Mills Theories
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• Swampland Conjectures and Infinite Flop Chains
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• Model of the quintessence axion
• Implications of quantum gravity for dark matter in the brane-world scenario
• Gravitational instantons and the quality problem of the QCD axion: Facts, speculations, and statements in between
• Effective field theory in light of relative entropy
• Using $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ to constrain preferred axion model dark matter
• Dimension-5 baryon-number violation in low-scale Pati-Salam
• The Ultraviolet Structure of Quantum Field Theories. Part 3: Gauge Theories
• Generalized Symmetries of Non-SUSY and Discrete Torsion String Backgrounds
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Models of decaying FIMP Dark Matter: potential links with the Neutrino Sector
• A Weak Gravity Theorem
• Aether SUSY breaking: Can aether be alternative to F-term SUSY breaking?
• Ultraviolet Sensitivity of Peccei-Quinn Inflation
• On dualities for non-Abelian gauge theories with continuous center
• More on Fake GUT
• Further swampland constraint on Dirac Neutrino
• Discrete Symmetries in Dimer Diagrams
• Lectures on Naturalness, String Landscape and Multiverse
• A QCD R-Axion
• The correlation of WGC and Hydrodynamics bound with $R^4$ correction in the charged AdS${}_{d+2}$ black brane
• Log-periodic gravitational-wave background beyond Einstein gravity
• Confinement from Distance in Metric Space and its Relation to Cosmological Constant
• Peccei-Quinn invariant singlet extended SUSY with anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry
• Conway Subgroup Symmetric Compactifications Redux
• Symmetry Breaking Bulk Effects in Local D-brane Models
• Charge fluctuation entropy of Hawking radiation: a replica-free way to find large entropy
• Axion and FIMP Dark Matter in a $U(1)$ extension of the Standard Model
• A Theorem on Extensive Spectral Degeneracy for Systems with Higher Symmetries in General Dimensions
• Discrete $R$-symmetry, Various Energy Scales and Gravitational Waves
• Non-Invertible Gauss Law and Axions
• Q-balls Under Spontaneously Broken U(1) Symmetry
• Towards natural and realistic $E_7$ GUTs in F-theory
• Spontaneous CP Violation and the Strong CP Problem in Left-Right Symmetric Theories
• Spectral Constraints on Theories of Colored Particles and Gravity
• A note on transition in discrete gauge groups in F-theory
• Morse-Bott inequalities, Topology Change and Cobordisms to Nothing
• Observational constraints on dark matter decaying via gravity portals
• Half-flat Quantum Hair
• Tunnelling in Dante's Inferno
• Kaluza-Klein Schwinger effect
• Supersymmetric Inflation from the Fifth Dimension
• Notes on anomalies, elliptic curves and the BS-D conjecture
• Quaternion based generalization of Chern-Simons theories in arbitrary dimensions
• Gravitational Positivity Bounds on Scalar Potentials
• Closing the window on WIMP Dark Matter
• The origin of discrete symmetries in F-theory models
• Refined BPS numbers on compact Calabi-Yau threefolds from Wilson loops
• Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in
• Spontaneous CP Violation and Horizontal Symmetry in the MSSM: Toward Lepton Flavor Naturalness
• Implications of the weak gravity conjecture in anomalous quiver gauge theories
• Constraints on Dark Energy from Inflation and the Swampland Conjectures
• Tuning the Cosmological Constant, Broken Scale Invariance, Unitarity
• Gravitino condensation, supersymmetry breaking and inflation
• Indications against dynamical CPT symmetry restoration in quantum gravity
• Right-handed neutrinos, domain walls and tadpoles in the superstring inspired $\mu \nu$SSM
• Extranatural Inflation Redux
• A Note on the Analytic Structure of Celestial Amplitudes
• Proliferation transitions from a topological phase in $2+1$ dimensions
• Intertwined order of generalized global symmetries
• Wormhole-Induced ALP Dark Matter
• Gauge coupling jump and small instantons from a large non-minimal coupling
• On the Scale of New Physics in Inflation
• Global symmetry violation from non-isometric codes
• Constraints on Global Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Gravity from Cosmic Birefringence Measurements
• Viable and simplified semi-direct gauge mediation with the 4-1 model
• Naturalness as a reasonable scientific principle in fundamental physics
• State counting on fibered CY-3 folds and the non-Abelian Weak Gravity Conjecture
• Radiation of Supersymmetric Particles from Aharonov-Bohm R-string
• Superheavy Dark Matter in Light of Dark Radiation
• Status and implications of neutrino masses: a brief panorama
• Geometric Approaches to Quantum Fields and Strings at Strong Couplings
• Brane Symmetries Revisited: Symmetries of Tensile and Tensionless Branes in Possibly Degenerate Metrics and their Manifestations
• Hybrid Gauge Theory
• ${\alpha }^{\prime }$-corrections to Near Extremal Dyonic Strings and Weak Gravity Conjecture
• Axion induced SUSY breaking and focus point gaugino mediation
• Black Holes and Baryon Number Violation: Unveiling the Origins of Early Galaxies and the Low-Mass Gap
• Canadian Contributions to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Center Symmetry Breaking in Calabi--Yau Compactifications
• Universality on thermodynamic relation with corrections in Einstein-Bel-Robinson gravity Black hole
• Completeness from Gravitational Scattering
• Boundary electromagnetic duality from homological edge modes
• $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ dualities of boundary conditions in Abelian M2-brane SCFTs
• Algebraic Realisation of the Zamolodchikov Metric in Narain Theories
• Topological Manipulations On $\mathbb{R}$ Symmetries Of Abelian Gauge Theory
• Generalized symmetries and Noether's theorem in QFT
• Axion-like particles from soft supersymmetry breaking
• Non-invertible symmetries of two-dimensional Non-Linear Sigma Models
• Open Strings and Heterotic Instantons
• Loops in 4+1d Topological Phases
• Leptoquarks with Exactly Stable Protons
• Factorization and global symmetries in holography
• Integer solutions to the anomaly equations for a class of chiral gauge theories