Nonperturbative effects in the Standard Model with gauged 1-form symmetry

Abstract

We study the Standard Model with gauged ${\mathbb{Z}}_{N=2,3,6}^{(1)}$ subgroups of its ${\mathbb{Z}}_6^{(1)}$ 1-form global symmetry, making the gauge group $\frac{SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)}{{\mathbb{Z}}_N}$. We show that, on a finite ${\mathbb{T}}^3$, there are self-dual instantons of fractional topological charge. They mediate baryon- and lepton-number violating processes. We compare their amplitudes to the ones due to the usual BPST-instantons. We find that the small hypercharge coupling suppresses the fractional-instanton contribution, unless the torus size is taken sub-Planckian, or extra matter is added above the weak scale. We also discuss these results in light of the cosmological bounds on the torus size.

arXiv comment19 pages; minor typos corrected, references added, matches the published version

References in corpus (22)

• A Supersymmetry Primer
• Generalized Global Symmetries
• Coupling a QFT to a TQFT and Duality
• Reading between the lines of four-dimensional gauge theories
• Theta, Time Reversal, and Temperature
• Cosmic Topology
• Periodic Instantons with non-trivial Holonomy
• Monopoles and Instantons on Partially Compactified D-Branes
• Time-Reversal Breaking in QCD${}_4$, Walls, and Dualities in 2+1 Dimensions
• Dai-Freed anomalies in particle physics
• Line Operators in the Standard Model
• Beyond Standard Models and Grand Unifications: Anomalies, Topological Terms, and Dynamical Constraints via Cobordisms
• Global anomalies in the Standard Model(s) and Beyond
• Is The Universe Infinite Or Is It Just Really Big?
• Computing CMB Anisotropy in Compact Hyperbolic Spaces
• A Non-Perturbative Definition of the Standard Models
• Higher Anomalies, Higher Symmetries, and Cobordisms II: Lorentz Symmetry Extension and Enriched Bosonic/Fermionic Quantum Gauge Theory
• The Topology and Size of the Universe from CMB Temperature and Polarization Data
• Constructing SU(N) fractional instantons
• Perturbative construction of self-dual configurations on the torus
• Anomaly and Cobordism Constraints Beyond the Standard Model: Topological Force
• TQFT at work for IR-renormalons, resurgence and Lefschetz decomposition

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Subsystem Non-Invertible Symmetry Operators and Defects
• Quantization of Axion-Gauge Couplings and Non-Invertible Higher Symmetries
• Gauge Enhanced Quantum Criticality Between Grand Unifications: Categorical Higher Symmetry Retraction
• Cobordism and Deformation Class of the Standard Model
• Categorical Symmetry of the Standard Model from Gravitational Anomaly
• Proton Stability: From the Standard Model to Beyond Grand Unification
• Fractionally Charged Particles at the Energy Frontier: The SM Gauge Group and One-Form Global Symmetry
• Fractional topological charge in $SU(N)$ gauge theories without dynamical quarks
• Non-Invertible Peccei-Quinn Symmetry, Natural 2HDM Alignment, and the Visible Axion
• A Note on Proton Stability in the Standard Model