The science of fake news
arXiv:2307.07903 · doi:10.1126/science.aao2998
Abstract
Fake news emerged as an apparent global problem during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. Addressing it requires a multidisciplinary effort to define the nature and extent of the problem, detect fake news in real time, and mitigate its potentially harmful effects. This will require a better understanding of how the Internet spreads content, how people process news, and how the two interact. We review the state of knowledge in these areas and discuss two broad potential mitigation strategies: better enabling individuals to identify fake news, and intervention within the platforms to reduce the attention given to fake news. The cooperation of Internet platforms (especially Facebook, Google, and Twitter) with researchers will be critical to understanding the scale of the issue and the effectiveness of possible interventions.
arXiv commentThis is the accepted version of the article, posted to comply with public access mandates. The final published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2998
Cited by in corpus (171)
- The Ethics of AI Ethics -- An Evaluation of Guidelines
- The spread of low-credibility content by social bots
- Social physics
- Assessing the risks of "infodemics" in response to COVID-19 epidemics
- Why do People Share Misinformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- Arming the public with artificial intelligence to counter social bots
- On Human Predictions with Explanations and Predictions of Machine Learning Models: A Case Study on Deception Detection
- Deepfake Detection by Human Crowds, Machines, and Machine-informed Crowds
- Fake News Detection on Social Media using Geometric Deep Learning
- Social Influence and Unfollowing Accelerate the Emergence of Echo Chambers
- Examining the consumption of radical content on YouTube
- An automated pipeline for the discovery of conspiracy and conspiracy theory narrative frameworks: Bridgegate, Pizzagate and storytelling on the web
- Fake news agenda in the era of COVID-19: Identifying trends through fact-checking content
- Investigating Italian disinformation spreading on Twitter in the context of 2019 European elections
- Quantifying Biases in Online Information Exposure
- On Microtargeting Socially Divisive Ads: A Case Study of Russia-Linked Ad Campaigns on Facebook
- Studying Fake News Spreading, Polarisation Dynamics, and Manipulation by Bots: a Tale of Networks and Language
- Topology comparison of Twitter diffusion networks effectively reveals misleading information
- Measuring Node Contribution to Community Structure with Modularity Vitality
- Exposure to Social Engagement Metrics Increases Vulnerability to Misinformation
- One Year of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Twitter: Longitudinal Study
- Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior and Information Spreading on Twitter
- Right and left, partisanship predicts (asymmetric) vulnerability to misinformation
- Automatically applying a credibility appraisal tool to track vaccination-related communications shared on social media
- Neutral bots probe political bias on social media
- Information disorders on Italian Facebook during COVID-19 infodemic
- Echo Chambers on Social Media: A comparative analysis
- Users' ability to perceive misinformation: An information quality assessment approach
- Public awareness and attitudes towards search engine optimization
- Fact-checking information from large language models can decrease headline discernment
- Conspiracy vs science: A large-scale analysis of online discussion cascades
- Political audience diversity and news reliability in algorithmic ranking
- Trend Alert: How a Cross-Platform Organization Manipulated Twitter Trends in the Indian General Election
- The simulation of judgment in LLMs
- Characterizing networks of propaganda on Twitter: a case study
- Brexit and bots: characterizing the behaviour of automated accounts on Twitter during the UK election
- Research Status of Deep Learning Methods for Rumor Detection
- Self-induced consensus of Reddit users to characterise the GameStop short squeeze
- Asymmetric participation of defenders and critics of vaccines to debates on French-speaking Twitter
- Temporal Dynamics of Coordinated Online Behavior: Stability, Archetypes, and Influence
- How does Twitter account moderation work? Dynamics of account creation and suspension on Twitter during major geopolitical events
- Few-Shot Stance Detection via Target-Aware Prompt Distillation
- Indonesia's Fake News Detection using Transformer Network
- Promotional Language and the Adoption of Innovative Ideas in Science
- Detecting fake news for the new coronavirus by reasoning on the Covid-19 ontology
- Non massive immunization to contain spreading on complex networks
- Effectiveness of dismantling strategies on moderated vs. unmoderated online social platforms
- Beyond network centrality: Individual-level behavioral traits for predicting information superspreaders in social media
- Taking a Stance on Fake News: Towards Automatic Disinformation Assessment via Deep Bidirectional Transformer Language Models for Stance Detection
- SemEval-2020 Task 11: Detection of Propaganda Techniques in News Articles
- Detecting False Rumors from Retweet Dynamics on Social Media
- Contagion Source Detection in Epidemic and Infodemic Outbreaks: Mathematical Analysis and Network Algorithms
- FauxWard: A Graph Neural Network Approach to Fauxtography Detection Using Social Media Comments
- Misinformation spreading on correlated multiplex networks
- A generalized linear threshold model for an improved description of the spreading dynamics
- A Survey of COVID-19 Misinformation: Datasets, Detection Techniques and Open Issues
- Dataset of Fake News Detection and Fact Verification: A Survey
- Mimetic Models: Ethical Implications of AI that Acts Like You
- Steps towards an Ecology for the Internet
- Adaptive Interaction Fusion Networks for Fake News Detection
- Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
- Identifying exogenous and endogenous activity in social media
- Bow-Tie Structures of Twitter Discursive Communities
- A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Detecting Deceptive Activities on Social Media: Methods, Challenges, and Biases
- Quantifying the Vulnerabilities of the Online Public Square to Adversarial Manipulation Tactics
- Community notes reduce engagement with and diffusion of false information online
- Overview of the CLEF--2021 CheckThat! Lab on Detecting Check-Worthy Claims, Previously Fact-Checked Claims, and Fake News
- Technology-Enabled Disinformation: Summary, Lessons, and Recommendations
- Anger makes fake news viral online
- Network connectivity under a probabilistic node failure model
- Modeling the amplification of epidemic spread by individuals exposed to misinformation on social media
- Public discourse and social network echo chambers driven by socio-cognitive biases
- The Impact of Disinformation on a Controversial Debate on Social Media
- Human-Misinformation interaction: Understanding the interdisciplinary approach needed to computationally combat false information
- Emergence of simple and complex contagion dynamics from weighted belief networks
- Reliability Criteria for News Websites
- A study on information disorders on social networks during the Chilean social outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic
- MTLTS: A Multi-Task Framework To Obtain Trustworthy Summaries From Crisis-Related Microblogs
- Using an Epidemiological Model to Study the Spread of Misinformation during the Black Lives Matter Movement
- Exploiting stance hierarchies for cost-sensitive stance detection of Web documents
- Accuracy and Political Bias of News Source Credibility Ratings by Large Language Models
- A Reputation Game Simulation: Emergent Social Phenomena from Information Theory
- Identifying Disinformation Websites Using Infrastructure Features
- Media Bias Detector: Designing and Implementing a Tool for Real-Time Selection and Framing Bias Analysis in News Coverage
- Analysing the Effect of Recommendation Algorithms on the Amplification of Misinformation
- "How trustworthy is this research?" Designing a Tool to Help Readers Understand Evidence and Uncertainty in Science Journalism
- Lower Quantity, Higher Quality: Auditing News Content and User Perceptions on Twitter/X Algorithmic versus Chronological Timelines
- FakeNewsLab: Experimental Study on Biases and Pitfalls Preventing us from Distinguishing True from False News
- Risk Communication in Asian Countries: COVID-19 Discourse on Twitter
- Probabilistic Social Learning Improves the Public's Detection of Misinformation
- Coexistence of positive and negative information in information-epidemic dynamics on multiplex networks
- Vulnerable to Misinformation? Verifi!
- Exploring the Links between Personality Traits and Suscep;bility to Disinformation
- Bi-layer voter model: Modeling intolerant/tolerant positions and bots in opinion dynamics
- The COVID-19 Infodemic: Twitter versus Facebook
- The statistical physics of discovering exogenous and endogenous factors in a chain of events
- Online disinformation in the 2020 U.S. Election: swing vs. safe states
- Differential impact from individual versus collective misinformation tagging on the diversity of Twitter (X) information engagement and mobility
- Can We Spot the "Fake News" Before It Was Even Written?
- Experts and authorities receive disproportionate attention on Twitter during the COVID-19 crisis
- Decoding the News Media Diet of Disinformation Spreaders
- Laplacian Renormalization Group: An introduction to heterogeneous coarse-graining
- Manipulation of Perceived Politeness in a Web-based Email Discourse Through a Malicious Browser Extension
- The influence of coordinated behavior on toxicity
- Efficiency and Effectiveness of LLM-Based Summarization of Evidence in Crowdsourced Fact-Checking
- VaccinItaly: monitoring Italian conversations around vaccines on Twitter and Facebook
- On limitations of uniplex networks for modeling multiplex contagion
- Toxicity in Online Platforms and AI Systems: A Survey of Needs, Challenges, Mitigations, and Future Directions
- Multi-Task Ordinal Regression for Jointly Predicting the Trustworthiness and the Leading Political Ideology of News Media
- Community Fact-Checks Trigger Moral Outrage in Replies to Misleading Posts on Social Media
- Hierarchical Synchronization and Distortion Scaling in Social Media Networks: A Fractal-Like Topology Theory
- Prevalence and Propagation of Fake News
- Twitter and Facebook posts about COVID-19 are less likely to spread false and low-credibility content compared to other health topics
- Uncertainty Weighted Causal Graphs
- QuickStop: A Markov Optimal Stopping Approach for Quickest Misinformation Detection
- Adversarial Attacks and Defenses for Social Network Text Processing Applications: Techniques, Challenges and Future Research Directions
- Not sure? Handling hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccines
- SirenLess: reveal the intention behind news
- A sampling-guided unsupervised learning method to capture percolation in complex networks
- Combating Disinformation in a Social Media Age
- Designing Indicators to Combat Fake Media
- Towards Domain-Specific Characterization of Misinformation
- Conspiracy Machines -- The Role of Social Bots during the COVID-19 Infodemic
- Characterizing User Susceptibility to COVID-19 Misinformation on Twitter
- The Information Ecosystem of Online Groups with Anti- and Pro-vaccine Views on Facebook
- News consumption and social media regulations policy
- Rumor Propagation and Supervision during Confrontation: An Importance-Driven SIRQS Network Model
- Analysis of child development facts and myths using text mining techniques and classification models
- Analyzing and visualizing polarization and balance with signed networks: the U.S. Congress case study
- A multi-layer approach to disinformation detection on Twitter
- Use of a controlled experiment and computational models to measure the impact of sequential peer exposures on decision making
- Disentangling sources of influence in online social networks
- WhatTheWikiFact: Fact-Checking Claims Against Wikipedia
- Using co-sharing to identify use of mainstream news for promoting potentially misleading narratives
- Investigating Misinformation in Online Marketplaces: An Audit Study on Amazon
- Discovering Differential Features: Adversarial Learning for Information Credibility Evaluation
- It Takes Nine to Smell a Rat: Neural Multi-Task Learning for Check-Worthiness Prediction
- On Inference of Network Topology and Confirmation Bias in Cyber-Social Networks
- A Second Pandemic? Analysis of Fake News About COVID-19 Vaccines in Qatar
- A Classification Algorithm to Recognize Fake News Websites
- Tell Me Who Your Friends Are: Using Content Sharing Behavior for News Source Veracity Detection
- How many bots are you following?
- The Mass, Fake News, and Cognition Security
- Controlling Fake News by Tagging: A Branching Process Analysis
- Highly engaging events reveal semantic and temporal compression in online community discourse
- Contrastive Language Adaptation for Cross-Lingual Stance Detection
- Disagreement as a way to study misinformation and its effects
- Before It's Too Late: A State Space Model for the Early Prediction of Misinformation and Disinformation Engagement
- Impact of Confirmation Bias on Competitive Information Spread in Social Networks
- Dynamics of Public Opinion Evolution with Asymmetric Cognitive Bias
- Current Challenges and Future Directions in Podcast Information Access
- Multi-view autoencoders for Fake News Detection
- Interpretable Propaganda Detection in News Articles
- Benders decomposition algorithms for minimizing the spread of harmful contagions in networks
- REMOD: Relation Extraction for Modeling Online Discourse
- Competing Social Contagions with Opinion Dependent Infectivity
- Tell-Tale Watermarks for Explanatory Reasoning in Synthetic Media Forensics
- Quantifying Affective Bias in Low-Resource Media: Large-Scale Emotion Profiling of Bengali Headlines
- From Entity Mentions to Tone: An LLM-Based Pipeline for Media Bias Analysis
- LEAP: LLM-powered End-to-end Automatic Library for Processing Social Science Queries on Unstructured Data
- Differences between Health Related News Articles from Reliable and Unreliable Media
- An Influence-based Clustering Model on Twitter
- Detecting Toxicity in News Articles: Application to Bulgarian
- The Evolution of Rumors on a Closed Platform during COVID-19
- Characterizing the Online Learning Landscape: What and How People Learn Online
- Navigating the Kaleidoscope of COVID-19 Misinformation Using Deep Learning
- Publish-and-Flourish: decentralized co-creation and curation of scholarly content
- Findings of the NLP4IF-2021 Shared Tasks on Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship Detection
- EPIC30M: An Epidemics Corpus Of Over 30 Million Relevant Tweets
- Challenges and Opportunities in Rapid Epidemic Information Propagation with Live Knowledge Aggregation from Social Media
- An Event Correlation Filtering Method for Fake News Detection