Forward Neutrinos from Charm at Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

The currently operating FASER experiment and the planned Forward Physics Facility (FPF) will detect a large number of neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In this work, we estimate neutrino fluxes at these detectors from charm meson decays, which will be particularly important for the ${\nu }_e$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ channels. We make prediction using both the next-to-leading order collinear factorization and the $k_T$-factorization approaches to model the production of charm quarks as well as different schemes to model their hadronization into charm hadrons. In particular, we emphasize that a sophisticated modeling of hadronization involving beam remnants is needed for predictions at FASER and FPF due to the sensitivity to the charm hadron production at low transverse momenta and very forward rapidity. As example, we use the string fragmentation approach implemented in \texttt{Pythia~8}. While both standard fragmentation functions and \texttt{Pythia~8} are able to describe LHCb data, we find that \texttt{Pythia~8} predicts significantly higher rate of high energy neutrinos, highlighting the importance of using the correct hadronization model when making predictions.

arXiv commentv2: version as published, 29 pages, 12 figures

References in corpus (67)

• PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual
• PYTHIA 6.2 Physics and Manual
• An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
• Computing Quark and Gluon Distribution Functions for Very Large Nuclei
• Operator expansion for high-energy scattering
• LHAPDF6: parton density access in the LHC precision era
• New parton distribution functions from a global analysis of quantum chromodynamics
• Gluon Distribution Functions for Very Large Nuclei at Small Transverse Momentum
• Small-x F_2 Structure Function of a Nucleus Including Multiple Pomeron Exchanges
• Nonlinear Gluon Evolution in the Color Glass Condensate: I
• The GENIE Neutrino Monte Carlo Generator
• Tuning PYTHIA 8.1: the Monash 2013 Tune
• The Wilson renormalization group for low x physics: towards the high density regime
• The BFKL Equation from the Wilson Renormalization Group
• Nonlinear Gluon Evolution in the Color Glass Condensate: II
• The p_T Spectrum in Heavy-Flavour Hadroproduction
• Combined Measurement and QCD Analysis of the Inclusive ep Scattering Cross Sections at HERA
• Rivet user manual
• The p_T Spectrum in Heavy-Flavour Photoproduction
• FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC
• The IceCube high-energy starting event sample: Description and flux characterization with 7.5 years of data
• String Formation Beyond Leading Colour
• FASER's Physics Reach for Long-Lived Particles
• A unified BFKL and GLAP description of $F_2$ data
• Nuclear modification factor of D${}^0$ mesons in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Renormalisation group improved small-x Green's function
• The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, Experiments, and Physics Potential
• Detecting and Studying High-Energy Collider Neutrinos with FASER at the LHC
• Measurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$
• Improved TMD factorization for forward dijet production in dilute-dense hadronic collisions
• Heavy Neutral Leptons at FASER
• Perturbative charm production and the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux in light of RHIC and LHC
• Dark Higgs Bosons at FASER
• Gluon saturation in dijet production in p-Pb collisions at Large Hadron Collider
• ALPs at FASER: The LHC as a Photon Beam Dump
• Combined analysis of charm-quark fragmentation-fraction measurements
• Measurement of D-meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}=7$ TeV
• Screening effects in the ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions
• Neutrino Telescopes as QCD Microscopes
• Unintegrated gluon distribution from modified BK equation
• First Direct Observation of Collider Neutrinos with FASER at the LHC
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Asymmetries between the production of D+ and D- mesons from 500 GeV/c pi- nucleon interactions as a function of xF and pt**2
• Lepton fluxes from atmospheric charm revisited
• Measurement of ${\mathrm{D}}^0$, ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ast +}$ and ${{\mathrm{D}}^{+}}_s$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\text{s}}=5.02\mathbf{TeV}$ with ALICE
• On the maximal use of Monte Carlo samples: re-weighting events at NLO accuracy
• Measurement of $D^{\ast \pm }$, $D^{\pm }$ and $D_s^{\pm }$ meson production cross sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Production of ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Observation of collider muon neutrinos with the SND@LHC experiment
• Extending QCD perturbation theory to higher energies
• Production mechanisms of charm hadrons in the string model
• ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ production in pp and in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Measurement of prompt D${}^0$, ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$, and ${\Sigma }_c^{0,++}$(2455) production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
• Far-forward neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
• Measurement of forward photon production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the LHCf detector
• An explanation of the muon puzzle of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and the role of the Forward Physics Facility for model improvement
• Improved constraints on parton distributions using LHCb, ALICE and HERA heavy-flavour measurements and implications for the predictions for prompt atmospheric-neutrino fluxes
• Exploring Theory Space with Monte Carlo Reweighting
• Far-forward production of charm mesons and neutrinos at Forward Physics Facilities at the LHC and the intrinsic charm in the proton
• Parton distribution function uncertainties in theoretical predictions for far-forward tau neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
• Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity of forward neutrons produced in $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=13TeV$ proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector
• Intrinsic charm in the nucleon and charm production at large rapidities in collinear, hybrid and $k_T$-factorization approaches
• The Scikit-HEP Project
• Forward production of prompt neutrinos from charm in the atmosphere and at high energy colliders
• Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
• Structure functions from renormalization group improved small $x$ evolution
• Color Reconnection Effects in $J/\psi$ Hadroproduction

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Science and Project Planning for the Forward Physics Facility in Preparation for the 2024-2026 European Particle Physics Strategy Update
• Discovering neutrino tridents at the Large Hadron Collider
• Neutrino Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider
• Atmospheric muons at PeV energies in radio neutrino detectors
• Detecting LHC Neutrinos at Surface Level
• Probing a $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson via neutrino trident scattering in the Forward Physics Facility at the LHC and FCC
• Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility