Symmetry-based requirement for the measurement of electrical and thermal Hall conductivity under an in-plane magnetic field

Abstract

The in-plane (thermal) Hall effect is an unconventional transverse response when the applied magnetic field is in the (heat) current plane. In contrast to the normal Hall effect, the in-plane Hall effect requires the absence of certain crystal symmetries, and possibly manifests a non-trivial topology of quantum materials. An accurate estimation of the intrinsic in-plane (thermal) Hall conductivity is crucial to identify the underlying mechanisms as in the case of the Kitaev spin-liquid candidate alpha-RuCl3. Here, we give the symmetry conditions for the in-plane Hall effect and discuss the implications that may impede the experimental evaluation of the in-plane (thermal) Hall conductivity within the single-device measurement. First, the lack of symmetry in crystals can create merohedral twin domains that cancel the total Hall signal. Second, even in a twin-free crystal, the intrinsic response is potentially contaminated by the out-of-plane conduction in three-dimensional systems, which is systematically unavoidable in the in-plane Hall systems. Third, even in a quasi-two-dimensional system, the conversion of (thermal) resistivity, rho (lambda), to (thermal) conductivity, sigma (kappa) requires protocols beyond the widely-used simplified formula due to the lack of in-plane-rotational symmetry. In principle, two independent sample devices are necessary to accurately estimate the s_xy (k_xy). As a case study, we discuss the half-integer quantization of the in-plane thermal Hall effect in the spin-disordered state of alpha-RuCl3. For an accurate measurement of the thermal Hall effect, it is necessary to avoid crystals with the merohedral twins contributing oppositely to k_xy, while the out-of-plane transport may have a negligible effect. To deal with the field-induced rotational-symmetry breaking, we propose two symmetry-based protocols, improved single-device and two-device methods.

Main: 9 pages, 6 figs; Supple: 7 pages, 5 figs

References in corpus (24)

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• Unconventional anomalous Hall effect from magnetization parallel to the electric field
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• Symmetry Analysis of Tensors in the Honeycomb Lattice of Edge-Sharing Octahedra
• Sample Shape and Boundary Dependence of Measured Transverse Thermal Properties

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Majorana-fermion origin of the planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev magnet $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$
• Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquids
• Distorted triangular skyrmion lattice in a noncentrosymmetric tetragonal magnet
• Observation of in-plane anomalous Hall effect associated with orbital magnetization
• Engineering the in-plane anomalous Hall effect in Cd${}_3$As${}_2$ thin films
• Unveiling an in-plane Hall effect in rutile RuO${}_2$ films
• Two-step growth of high-quality single crystals of the Kitaev magnet $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$
• Metamagnetism and anomalous magnetotransport properties in rare-earth-based polar semimetals $R$AuGe ($R=$ Dy, Ho, and Gd)
• Planar thermal Hall effect from phonons in cuprates
• Magnetothermal transport in ultraclean single crystals of Kitaev magnet $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$
• Spontaneous in-plane anomalous Hall response observed in a ferromagnetic oxide
• Anomalous Hall effect in Dirac semimetal probed by in-plane magnetic field
• Switchable in-plane anomalous Hall effect by magnetization orientation in monolayer ${\mathrm{Mn}}_3{\mathrm{Si}}_2{\mathrm{Te}}_6$
• Stark difference in the in-plane anomalous Hall response in Zintl compounds EuA2Sb2 (A = Zn, Cd) thin films
• Contrasting magnetothermal conductivity in sibling Co-based honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnets
• Anisotropic in-plane heat transport of Kitaev magnet Na${}_2$Co${}_2$TeO${}_6$
• Field-induced phase transitions in the Kitaev-Heisenberg model: A sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo study and possible application to $\alpha$-RuCl3
• Tunable linear and nonlinear anomalous Hall transport in two-dimensional CrPS${}_4$
• Universal classes of disorder scatterings in in-plane anomalous Hall effect
• Classical transport theory for the planar Hall effect with threefold symmetry
• Magneto-cubic and magneto-linear dependence observed in an in-plane anomalous Hall magnet