Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid

Abstract

The B phase of superfluid 3He can be cooled into the pure superfluid regime, where the thermal quasiparticle density is negligible. The bulk superfluid is surrounded by a quantum well at the boundaries of the container, confining a sea of quasiparticles with energies below that of those in the bulk. We can create a non-equilibrium distribution of these states within the quantum well and observe the dynamics of their motion indirectly. Here we show that the induced quasiparticle currents flow diffusively in the two-dimensional system. Combining this with a direct measurement of energy conservation, we conclude that the bulk superfluid 3He is effectively surrounded by an independent two-dimensional superfluid, which is isolated from the bulk superfluid but which readily interacts with mechanical probes. Our work shows that this two-dimensional quantum condensate and the dynamics of the surface bound states are experimentally accessible, opening the possibility of engineering two-dimensional quantum condensates of arbitrary topology.

11 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (17)

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• Thermodynamic properties of thin films of superfluid 3He-A
• AC Josephson effect between two superfluid time crystals
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• Magnetic Susceptibility of Andreev Bound States in Superfluid ${}^3$He-B
• Progress on levitating a sphere in cryogenic fluids
• Overcritical Fermi Superfluids

Cited by in corpus (5)

• QUEST-DMC superfluid ${}^3$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter
• Magnon Bose-Einstein condensates: from time crystals and quantum chromodynamics to vortex sensing and cosmology
• Surface State Dissipation in Confined 3He-A
• Time crystal optomechanics
• Drag on Cylinders Moving in Superfluid 3He-B as the Dimension Spans the Coherence Length