Propagation of self-localised Q-ball solitons in the ${}^3$He universe

Abstract

In relativistic quantum field theories, compact objects of interacting bosons can become stable owing to conservation of an additive quantum number $Q$. Discovering such $Q$-balls propagating in the Universe would confirm supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and may shed light on the mysteries of dark matter, but no unambiguous experimental evidence exists. We report observation of a propagating long-lived $Q$-ball in superfluid ${}^3$He, where the role of $Q$-ball is played by a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnon quasiparticles. We achieve accurate representation of the $Q$-ball Hamiltonian using the influence of the number of magnons, corresponding to the charge $Q$, on the orbital structure of the superfluid ${}^3$He order parameter. This realisation supports multiple coexisting $Q$-balls which in future allows studies of $Q$-ball dynamics, interactions, and collisions.

arXiv comment10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (14)

• AC Josephson effect between two superfluid time crystals
• Creation and Characterization of Matter-Wave Breathers
• Nonlinear two-level dynamics of quantum time crystals
• Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons and spin superfluidity in the polar phase of ${}^3$He
• QUEST-DMC superfluid ${}^3$He detector for sub-GeV dark matter
• ${}^3$He Universe 2020
• Magnon Bose-Einstein condensates: from time crystals and quantum chromodynamics to vortex sensing and cosmology
• A-B transition in superfluid ${}^3$He and cosmological phase transitions
• Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid
• Defects composed of kinks and Q-balls: analytical solutions and stability
• Dynamics of $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls in three spatial dimensions
• Time crystal optomechanics
• Geometric Construction of non-linear Sigma models with Q-ball/Q-kink solutions
• 50 years in the Landau Institute environment