Magnon condensation into Q-ball in 3He-B

Abstract

The theoretical prediction of Q-balls in relativistic quantum fields is realized here experimentally in superfluid 3He-B. The condensed-matter analogs of relativistic Q-balls are responsible for an extremely long lived signal of magnetic induction -- the so-called Persistent Signal -- observed in NMR at the lowest temperatures. This Q-ball is another representative of a state with phase coherent precession of nuclear spins in 3He-B, similar to the well known Homogeneously Precessing Domain which we interpret as Bose condensation of spin waves -- magnons. At large Q the effect of self-localization is observed. In the language of relativistic quantum fields it is caused by interaction between the charged and neutral fields, where the neutral field provides the potential for the charged one. In the process of self-localization the charged field modifies locally the neutral field so that the potential well is formed in which the charge is condensed.

arXiv comment4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL, modified after referee report

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