Extended neutral hydrogen filamentary network in NGC 2403

Abstract

We present new neutral hydrogen (HI) observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 2403 to determine the nature of a low-column density cloud that was detected earlier by the Green Bank Telescope. We find that this cloud is the tip of a complex of filaments of extraplanar gas that is coincident with the thin disk. The total HI mass of the complex is $2\times 10^7{\text{ M}}_{\odot }$ or 0.6% of the total HI mass of the galaxy. The main structure, previously referred to as the 8-kpc filament, is now seen to be even more extended, along a 20 kpc stream. The kinematics and morphological properties of the filaments are unlikely to be the result of outflows related to galactic fountains. It is more likely that the 20 kpc filament is related to a recent galaxy interaction. In this context, a $\sim$ 50 kpc long stellar stream has been recently detected connecting NGC 2403 with the nearby dwarf satellite DDO 44. Intriguingly, the southern tip of this stream overlaps with that of 20 kpc HI filament. We conclude that the HII anomalies in NGC 2403 are the result of a recent ($\sim 2\text{ Gyr}$) interaction with DDO 44 leading to the observed filamentary complex.

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• A Comprehensive Analysis on the Nature of the Spiral Arms in NGC 3686, NGC 4321, and NGC 2403
• Uncovering Extraplanar Gas in UGCA 250 with the Ultra-deep MHONGOOSE Survey