Energy Spectrum of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays according to Data from Ground-Based Scintillation Detectors of the Yakutsk EAS Array

Abstract

Results obtained from an analysis of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays with energies in the region of $E_0\ge 10^{17}$ eV over the period of continuous observations from 1974 to 2017 are presented. A refined expression for estimating the primary-particle energy is used for individual events. This expression is derived from calculations aimed at determining the responses of the ground-based and underground scintillation detectors of the Yakutsk array for studying extensive air showers (EAS) and performed within the QGSJET01, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, and EPOS-LHC models by employing the CORSIKA code package. The new estimate of $E_0$ is substantially lower than its counterpart used earlier.

arXiv comment15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

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• Status of the Yakutsk air shower array and future plans
• Muons in EASs with $E_0=10^{19}$ eV according to data of the Yakutsk Array
• Zenith-Angular Characteristics of Particles in EASs with $E_0\simeq 10^{18}$ eV According to the Yakutsk Array Data
• A Direct Comparison of Muon Measurements at the Yakutsk Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory
• Giant Atmospheric Showers Detected by the Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array
• Energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic rays based on the intensity of muon bundles detected in the NEVOD-DECOR experiment
• The puzzle of composition of cosmic rays with energies (2-12.5) EeV according to muon detectors data of the Yakutsk EAS array