A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: Kinematic Signatures of Jets, Winds, and Their Magnetic Interplay with the Ambient Toroids

Abstract

Kinematic signatures of the jet, winds, multicavities, and episodic shells arising in the unified model of bipolar outflows developed in Shang et al.\ (2020), in which an outflow forms by radially directed, wide-angle toroidally magnetized winds interacting with magnetized isothermal toroids, are extracted in the form of position--velocity diagrams. Elongated outflow lobes, driven by magnetized winds and their interplay with the environment, are dominated by extended bubble structures with mixing layers beyond the conventional thin-shell models. The axial cylindrically stratified density jet carries a broad profile near the base, across the projected velocity of the wide-angle wind, and narrows down along the axis with the collimated flow. The reverse shock encloses the magnetized free wind, forms an innermost cavity, and deflects the flow pattern. Shear, Kelvin--Helmholtz instabilities, and pseudopulses add fine and distinctive features between the jet--shell components, and the fluctuating jet velocities. The broad webbed velocity features connect the extremely high and the low velocities across the multicavities, mimicking nested outflowing slower-wind components. Rings and ovals in the perpendicular cuts trace multicavities at different heights, and the compressed ambient gap regions enrich the low-velocity features with protruding spikes. Our kinematic signatures capture the observed systematics of the high-, intermediate-, and low-velocity components from Class 0 to II jet--outflow systems in molecular and atomic lines. The nested shells observed in HH 212, HH 30, and DG Tau B are naturally explained. Outflows as bubbles are ubiquitous and form an inevitable integrative outcome of the interaction between wind and ambient media.

arXiv comment66 pages, 26 figures, 3 tables, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal (2023)

References in corpus (65)

• The Evolution of Outflow-Envelope Interactions in Low-Mass Protostars
• Collapse of Magnetized Singular Isothermal Toroids: II. Rotation and Magnetic Braking
• Time-Evolution of Viscous Circumstellar Disks due to Photoevaporation by FUV, EUV and X-ray Radiation from the Central Star
• Magnetic Braking and Protostellar Disk Formation: The Ideal MHD Limit
• Towards a Global Evolutionary Model of Protoplanetary Disks
• HST/STIS spectroscopy of the optical outflow from DG Tau: structure and kinematics on sub-arcsecond scales
• Locating the Launching Region of T Tauri Winds: The Case of DG Tau
• Resolved images of a protostellar outflow launched by an extended disk wind
• The Impact of Dust Evolution and Photoevaporation on Disk Dispersal
• Gravitational collapse of magnetized clouds. I. Ideal MHD accretion flow
• Magnetic Braking and Protostellar Disk Formation: Ambipolar Diffusion
• Hydrodynamical Simulations of Jet- and Wind-driven Protostellar Outflows
• A molecular survey of outflow gas: velocity-dependent shock chemistry and the peculiar composition of the EHV gas
• Tracing Slow Winds from T Tauri Stars via Low Velocity Forbidden Line Emission
• The formation of rings and gaps in magnetically coupled disk-wind systems: ambipolar diffusion and reconnection
• ALMA discovery of a rotating SO/SO${}_2$ flow in HH212. A possible MHD disk wind?
• Kinematic links and the co-evolution of MHD winds, jets, and inner disks from a high-resolution optical [OI] survey
• The HH30 edge-on T Tauri star A rotating and precessing monopolar outflow scrutinized by ALMA
• A New Look at T Tauri Star Forbidden Lines: MHD Driven Winds from the Inner Disk
• Understanding the origin of the [OI] low-velocity component from T Tauri stars
• Extreme Active Molecular Jets in L1448C
• Bipolar molecular outflows driven by hydromagnetic protostellar winds
• Formation and Atmosphere of Complex Organic Molecules of the HH 212 Protostellar Disk
• Spatially Resolved Molecular Hydrogen Emission in the Inner 200AU Environments of Classical T Tauri Stars
• Episodic molecular outflow in the very young protostellar cluster Serpens South
• Self-similar Collapse of Rotating Magnetic Molecular Cloud Cores
• Impact of Protostellar Outflows on Turbulence and Star Formation Efficiency in Magnetized Dense Cores
• ALMA reveals a large structured disk and nested rotating outflows in DG Tau B
• Investigations of Protostellar Outflow Launching and Gas Entrainment: Hydrodynamic Simulations and Molecular Emission
• Disk Formation Enabled by Enhanced Resistivity
• First image of the L1157 molecular jet by the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey
• Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Protostellar Outflows: Synthetic Observations and Data Comparisons
• The Structure of Magnetocentrifugal Winds I. Steady Mass Loading
• Magneto-Centrifugal Launching of Jets from Accretion Disks. II: Inner Disk-Driven Winds
• Jet Motion, Internal Working Surfaces, and Nested Shells in the Protostellar System HH 212
• The formation of rings and gaps in wind-launching non-ideal MHD disks: three-dimensional simulations
• HiRes Deconvolved Spitzer Images of 89 Protostellar Jets and Outflows: New Data on Evolution of Outflow Morphology
• Chemical and kinematic structure of extremely high-velocity molecular jets in the Serpens Main star-forming region
• A 100 au-Wide Bipolar Rotating Shell Emanating From The HH 212Protostellar Disk: A Disk Wind?
• A ballistic bow shock model for jet-driven protostellar outflow shells
• Collapse of Magnetized Singular Isothermal Toroids: I. Non-Rotating Case
• Rings and gaps produced by variable magnetic disk winds and avalanche accretion streams: I. Axisymmetric resistive MHD simulations
• Constraining MHD disk winds with ALMA. Apparent rotation signatures and application to HH212
• Origin of the wide-angle hot H2 in DG Tauri: New insight from SINFONI spectro-imaging
• An Episodic Wide-angle Outflow in HH 46/47
• Assessing molecular outflows and turbulence in the protostellar cluster Serpens South
• A Micro Molecular Bipolar Outflow From HL Tau
• Detection of a warm molecular wind in DG Tauri
• Entrainment Mechanisms for Outflows in the L1551 Star-Forming Region
• The Spatial Distribution of Fluorescent H${}_2$ Near T Tau
• Kinematics of the Outflow From The Young Star DG Tau B: Rotation in the vicinities of an optical jet
• First Detection of Interaction between a Magnetic Disk Wind and an Episodic Jet in a Protostellar System
• ALMA detects a radial disk wind in DG Tau
• Fine-Structure Line Emission from the Outflows of Young Stellar Objects
• Resolved molecular line observations reveal an inherited molecular layer in the young disk around TMC1A
• RW Aur A from the X-Wind Point of View: General Features
• Magneto-Centrifugal Origin for Protostellar Jets Validated through Detection of Radial Flow at the Jet Base
• 25 AU Angular Resolution Observations of HH 211 with ALMA : Jet Properties and Shock Structures in SiO, CO, and SO
• Anatomy of HH 111 from CO observations : a bow shock driven molecular outflow
• Molecular Jet of IRAS 04166+2706
• Is FS Tau B Driving an Asymmetric Jet?
• The [Ne III] Jet of DG Tau and its Ionization Scenarios
• Ejection History of the IRAS 04166+2706 Molecular Jet
• A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: Apparent Magnetic Jet Acceleration
• A Two-Temperature Model of Magnetized Protostellar Outflows

Cited by in corpus (10)

• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): overview of program and early results
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): Linked accretion and ejection in a Class I protobinary system
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS). HH 211: the textbook case of a protostellar jet and outflow
• JWST study of the DG Tau B disk wind candidate: I -- Overview and Nested H${}_2$/CO outflows
• ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): Nested Morphological and Kinematic Structures of Outflows Revealed in SiO and CO Emission
• A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: Apparent Magnetic Jet Acceleration
• ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT) VII: the layered molecular outflow from HL Tau and its relationship with the ringed disk
• Evidence of a Disk-wind Origin for Fluorescent H${}_2$ in Classical T Tauri Stars
• Bowshocks driven by the pole-on molecular jet of outbursting protostar SVS 13
• ngVLA Synthetic Observations of Ionized Gas in Massive Protostars