The $\gamma$-ray deposition histories of Calcium-rich supernovae

Abstract

Calcium-rich supernovae (Ca-rich SNe) are faint, rapidly evolving transients whose progenitor system is yet to be determined. We derive the $\gamma$-ray deposition histories of five Ca-rich SNe from the literature in order to place constraints on possible progenitor systems. We find that the $\gamma$-ray escape time, $t_0$, of the Ca-rich SNe sample is $\approx 35$-$65\mathrm{d}$, within the unoccupied region between Type Ia SNe and stripped envelope supernovae (SESNe). The $t_0$-$M_{Ni56}$ distribution of these SNe, where $M_{Ni56}$ is the synthesised ${}^{56}$Ni mass in the explosion, creates a continuum between the Type Ia and SESNe $t_0$-$M_{Ni56}$ distribution, hinting at a possible connection between all the events. By comparing our results to models from the literature, we were able to determine that helium shell detonation models and core-collapse models of ultra-stripped stars are unlikely to explain Ca-rich SNe, since the gamma-ray escape time in these models is smaller than the observed values. Models that agree with the observed $t_0$-$M_{Ni56}$ distribution are explosions of low mass, $M\approx 0.75$-$0.8M_{\odot }$, white dwarfs and core-collapse models of stripped stars with an ejecta mass of $M\approx 1$-$3M_{\odot }$.

12 pages, submitted to MNRAS

References in corpus (15)

• The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe I: Systematic search for Calcium rich gap transients reveal three related spectroscopic sub-classes
• Atypical Thermonuclear Supernovae from Tidally Crushed White Dwarfs
• Two New Calcium-Rich Gap Transients in Group and Cluster Environments
• SN 2019ehk: A Double-Peaked Ca-rich Transient with Luminous X-ray Emission and Shock-Ionized Spectral Features
• Thermonuclear explosion of a massive hybrid HeCO white-dwarf triggered by a He-detonation on a companion
• The progenitors of calcium-rich transients are not formed in situ
• One-dimensional non-LTE time-dependent radiative transfer of an He-detonation model and the connection to faint and fast-decaying supernovae
• Model Light Curves for Type Ib and Ic Supernovae
• The $\gamma$-ray deposition histories of core-collapse supernovae
• The Circumstellar Environments of Double-Peaked, Calcium-strong Supernovae 2021gno and 2021inl
• The peculiar Ca-rich SN 2019ehk: Evidence for a Type IIb core-collapse supernova from a low mass stripped progenitor
• No velocity-kicks are required to explain large-distance offsets of Ca-rich supernovae and short-GRBs
• Late-time Observations of Calcium-Rich Transient SN 2019ehk Reveal a Pure Radioactive Decay Power Source
• Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass detonations are in tension with the observed $t_0-M_{\text{Ni56}}$ relation of type Ia supernovae
• Physical Properties of the Host Galaxies of Ca-rich Transients

Cited by in corpus (1)

• All known Type Ia supernovae models fail to reproduce the observed bolometric luminosity-width correlation