X-ray from Outflow-Cloud Interaction and Its Application in Tidal Disruption Events
arXiv:2211.10004 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3409
Abstract
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) may occur in supermassive black holes (SMBHs) surrounded by clouds. TDEs can generate ultrafast and large opening-angle outflow with a velocity of 0.01--0.2 c, which will collide with clouds with time lags depending on outflow velocity and cloud distances. Since the fraction of the outflow energy transferred into cloud's radiation is anti-correlated with the cloud density, high density clouds was thought to be inefficient in generating radiation. In this work, we studied the radiation from the outflow-cloud interactions for high density clouds, and found that thermal conduction plays crucial roles in increasing the cloud's radiation. Up to 10\% of the bow shock energy can be transferred into clouds and gives rise to X-ray emission with equivalent temperature of Kelvins due to the cooling catastrophe. The inverse Compton scattering of TDE UV/optical photons by relativistic electrons at bow shock generates power-law X-ray spectra with photon indices . This mechanism may account for some TDE candidates with delayed X-ray emission, and can be examined by delayed radio and gamma-ray emissions.
arXiv comment9 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables in the main part, and 2 figures in the appendix; MNRAS in press
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