Years Delayed X-ray Afterglows of TDEs Originated from Wind-Torus Interactions

Abstract

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occurred in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are a special class of sources with outstanding scientific significance. TDEs can generate ultrafast winds, which should almost inevitably collide with the preexisting AGN dusty tori. We perform analytical calculations and simulations on the wind-torus interactions and find such a process can generate considerable X-ray afterglow radiation several years or decades later after the TDE outburst. This provides a new origin for the years delayed X-rays in TDEs. The X-ray luminosity can reach 10^{41-42} erg/s, and the light curve characteristics depend on the parameters of winds and tori. We apply the model to two TDE candidates, and provide lower limits on the masses of the disrupted stars, as well as rigorous constraints on the gas densities of tori. Our results suggest that the observations of the time delay, spectral shape, luminosity and the light curve of the X-ray afterglow can be used to constrain the physical parameters of both TDE winds and tori, including the wind velocity, wind density and torus density.

13 pages, submitted to ApJ

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• Interaction of an outflow with surrounding gaseous clouds as the origin of the late-time radio flares in TDEs
• Years Delayed Gamma-ray and Radio Afterglows Originated from TDE Wind-Torus Interactions
• The nascent milliquasar VT J154843.06+220812.6: tidal disruption event or extreme accretion-state change?
• X-ray from Outflow-Cloud Interaction and Its Application in Tidal Disruption Events
• Diverse Emission Patterns from Precessing Super-Eddington Disks Formed in Tidal Disruption Events
• Rapid onset of a Comptonisation zone in the repeating tidal disruption event XMMSL2 J140446.9-251135
• Radio and X-ray flux rebrightening six years after outburst in a partially-obscured extreme changing-look AGN