Phase diagrams of spin-$S$ Kitaev ladders

Abstract

We investigate the ground states of spin-$S$ Kitaev ladders using exact analytical solutions (for $S=1/2$), perturbation theory, and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We find an even-odd effect: in the case of half-integer $S$, we find phases with spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order; for integer $S$, we find SSB and trivial paramagnetic phases. We also study the transitions between the various phases; notably, for half-integer $S$ we find a transition between two distinct SPT orders, and for integer $S$ we find unnecessary first order phase transitions within a trivial phase

14 pages, 14 figures

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• Chiral spin liquid in a generalized Kitaev honeycomb model with ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ 1-form symmetry
• Reviving Majorana zero modes in the spin-1/2 Kitaev ladder model